Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references.

1 Preparation and adoption of constitutional laws on the Czechoslovak federation ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) The diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of the conception, respective negotiations, and also actual implementation of the federalization of the Czechoslovak state from January 1968 to December 1970. It considers the internal political situation in the context of the state development and of the relations between the federal and national state institutions. I have divided my thesis into five chapters. The first chapter provides brief introduction into development of Czechoslovak constitutional law and Czech-Slovak relations in the period of 1944 - 1967. The second chapter describes in detail negotiations on prepared changes of constitution arrangement, main options which were discussed, process of adoption of respective constitutional law in October 1968 and description of adopted conception of federation. The third chapter deals with realization of Czechoslovak federation, the fourth one is focused on deformation (re-centralization) of federation which resulted in constitutional laws adopted in December 1970. The fifth chapter shortly describes extinction of Czechoslovak federation after Velvet revolution in 1989. Key words: History. Czechoslovakia. Federation.

Aim of this diploma work YMCA such as a center of young people education in Czechoslovakia 1919 {--} 1951 is to document activity and authority of this christian social-educative organization to the young in Czechoslovakia in the given years. The diploma work started up by virtue of analysis of archive materials stored in the National Archive in Prague, printed sources and study of scientific literature. Activity of the organization is monitored from period of her entry to Czechoslovakia to period of her disestablishment by communistic authoritarianism, during which time particularly educative sphere is accented with a view to activity at summer camps. Next to the chapters describing function of the organization against a background of various periods of historical evolution of Czechoslovak republic is paid a special attention to phenomenon of young people education at summer camps in a final chapter. This activity sphere of the organization is stressed above all, that YMCA effort in organization of the summer recreation was, in context to the others functional organizations (mainly scout movements), one of the most important in Czechoslovakia in that time.

The diploma thesis deals with the draft of state treaty, which should become the basis for the fair and equal position of the Czech and Slovak nations in the common state. The State Treaty is embedded in the context of historical state law processes.

Thesis depicts economic development of the Czechoslovakia in the period from 1949 to 1989 with the focus on individual aspects of transformation to centrally planned economy -- private ownership elimination, collectivization, concentration on heavy industry etc. The aim is to demonstrate key problems of centrally planned economy on the example of the Czechoslovakia and describe specific manifestation of its low efficiency in subsequent periods of communist dictatorship. Thesis also briefly analyses changes realized during process of economic transformation in the beginning of 20th century and compares its development with other countries of former Eastern Bloc.

Nationalization decrees of the President Abstract This diploma thesis brings a comprehensive treatise on the nationalization decrees of the President of the Republic, and the related first wave of nationalization in Czechoslovakia. This first wave of nationalization took place just a few months after the end of World War II. The primary goal of this work is a thorough analysis of the nationalization legislation of the first stage of nationalization, with emphasis on its historical roots, especially with regard to the role of the person of President Edvard Beneš. The thesis first explains the basic concepts related to nationalization, which creates the necessary theoretical basis for the following parts. The second part examines in detail the historical context that gave rise to the very idea and concept of nationalization. A special space in this section is devoted to a key person in Czechoslovak exile politics and at the same time to President Beneš. The third to seventh part forms the very core of the submitted diploma thesis. In these sections, the President's own nationalization decrees of the Republic of the Republic are analyzed in detail. This category of presidential decrees includes a total of five regulations - Decree No. 50/1945 Coll. on measures in the field of film, Decree No. 100/1945 Coll.,...

The diploma thesis deals with finding an answer to how socialistic complaints worked as an instrument of remedy and also as an instrument of governance. It proceeds from the theory of Albert O. Hirschman that explains strategies of solution in the area of firms, organizations and states and that also includes complaining. The other theoretical sources are the theory of bureaucratic organizations of Michel Crozier and Michel Foucault's conception of power and discipline. The issues of complaining are put into period context in the diploma thesis and it is supplemented about a brief elucidation of ruling manners considering the district level. The empirical part is based on qualitative and quantitative content analysis of complaints that were solved by the leading secretary at the District Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in Beroun from 1985 till 1989. It is not only focused on a survey of complaints but also interprets the procedures of solving that are related to the chosen theoretical findings. The thesis also explains the relationship between the communist party and its critics with their objections and the relationship between the party and people that were criticized in the complaints.

The thesis analyses the role of legionaries who served in the gendarmerie corps and in the context of the First Republic era. The timeframe of the thesis is defined from the establishment of the Republic in 1918, respectively from the beginning of the recruitment of the first legionaries to the Gendarmerie Corps, until the end of the First Republic, with the addition of an outline of the situation in the Protectorate. Research questions include whether state- guaranteed benefits were applied in practice. Whether the legionary background helped gendarmes to advance in their careers and, last but not least, whether their service differed from that of other gendarmes (e.g., in the form of exemptions). Attention will be paid to the evaluation of the performance of legionary gendarmes by their commanders and subsequent comparison with the performance of other gendarmes. Time-wise, the thesis is divided into three blocks, according to the relevance to the phenomenon. In order to answer these questions, primary sources were worked with, especially the fonds of the General Commander of the Gendarmerie in the National Archives. In addition, sources stored in the Military Central Archive and the archives of the Ministry of the Interior were used. Secondary literature on the subject is, with few exceptions,...

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis examines civil-military relations during the critical moments of the Czechoslovak history, particularly during the deep political and societal crises in 1938, 1948, 1968, and 1989. Such a method offers an opportunity to analyze civilian control of the military under a situation when the civil-military relations are in deep crisis. By concluding that even under such conditions there were stable civil-military relations in former Czechoslovakia, this thesis affirms the theory of military professionalism as a crucial factor in civil-military relations, as presented by Samuel P. Huntington. Thus, the study of civil-military relations in crises of the Czechoslovak history provides an exceptional opportunity to test the Huntington's model of the equilibrium of objective civilian control in the circumstances of profound societal disturbances. In accordance with the Huntington's theory of stable civil-military relations, this thesis attests that a strong military professionalism, typified by the bonds of traditions, obedience, and patriotic loyalty, plays crucial role in determining stability of civil-military relations, i.e. an objective civilian control of the military. Subsequently, by following this reasoning this thesis also justifies assumption of permanently stable civil-military relations in Czechia, because it intentionally concentrates only on the continuum of the Czechoslovak and the Czech civil-military relations. / Lieutenant Colonel, Czech Air Force