Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Telecommunication, Information Studies and Media, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-116). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). Also available via the Internet.

The thesis focuses on the area of copper twisted pair based wireline communications. As one of the most widely deployed communication media, the copper twisted pair cable plays an important role in the communication network cabling infrastructure. This thesis looks to exploit diversity to improve twisted pair channels for data communications in two common application areas, namely Ethernet over Twisted Paris and digital subscriber line over twisted pair based telephone network. The first part of the thesis addresses new approaches to next generation Ethernet over twisted pair cable. The coming challenge for Ethernet over twisted pair cable is to realise a higher data rate beyond the 25/40GBASE-T standard, in relatively short reach scenarios. The straight-forward approaches, such as improving cable quality and extending frequency bandwidth, are unlikely to provide significant improvement in terms of data rate. However, other system diversities, such as spectrum utilization are yet to be fully exploited, so as to meet the desired data rate performance. The current balanced transmission over the structured twisted pair cable and its parallel single-in-single-out channel model is revisited and formulated as a full-duplex multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) channel model. With a common ground (provided by the cable shield), the balanced transmission is converted into unbalanced transmission, by replacing the differential-mode excitation with single-ended excitation. In this way, MIMO adoption may offer spectrum utilization advantages due to the doubled number of the channels. The S-parameters of the proposed MIMO channel model is obtained through the full wave electromagnetic simulation of a short CAT7A cable. The channel models are constructed from the resulting S-parameters, also the corresponding theoretical capacity is evaluated by exploiting different diversity scenarios. With higher spectrum efficiency, the orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) modulation can significantly improve the theoretical capacity compared with single-carrier modulation, where the channel frequency selectivity is aided. The MIMO can further enhance the capacity by minimising the impact of the crosstalk. When the crosstalk is properly handled under the unbalanced transmission, this thesis shows that the theoretical capacity of the EoTP cable can reach nearly 200GBit/s. In order to further extend the bandwidth capability of twisted pair cables, Phantom Mode transmission is studied, aiming at creating more channels under balanced transmission operation. The second part of the thesis focuses on the research of advanced scheduling algorithms for VDSL2 QoS enhancement. For VDSL2 broadband access networks, multi-user optimisation techniques have been developed, so as to improve the basic data rate performance. Spectrum balancing improves the network performance by optimising users transmit power spectra as the resource allocation, to mitigate the impact from the crosstalk. Aiming at enhancing the performance for the upstream VDSL2 service, where the users QoS demand is not known by all other users, a set of autonomous spectrum balancing algorithms is proposed. These optimise users transmit power spectra locally with only direct channel state information. To prevent selfish behaviour, the concept of a virtual user is introduced to represent the impact on both crosstalk interference and queueing status of other users. Moreover, novel algorithms are developed to determine the parameters and the weight of the virtual user. Another type of resource allocation in the VDSL2 network is crosstalk cancellation by centralised signal coordination. The history of the data queue is considered as a time series, on which different smooth filter characteristics are investigated in order to investigate further performance improvement. The use of filter techniques accounts for both the instantaneous queue length and also the previous data to determine the most efficient dynamic resource allocation. With the help of this smoothed dynamic resource allocation, the network will benefit from both reduced signalling communication and improved delay performance. The proposed algorithms are verified by numerical experiments.

Em estruturas estaiadas de pontes e viadutos, a determinação das forças dos estais necessariamente está relacionada à ação direta dos carregamentos mais a interação com a deformabilidade do estaiamento, incluindo principalmente o sistema tabuleiro e mastro. Por outro lado, é necessário conhecer estas forças ao longo das fases de montagem, assim como sua adequada implantação na estrutura e a determinação de possíveis ajustes nas forças devido ao processo construtivo da ponte, garantindo assim que os esforços desejados sejam alcançados e a correta distribuição espacial das forças do estaiamento. O conhecimento das forças dos estais é de extrema importância no controle dos deslocamentos e esforços da estrutura em questão, tendo este trabalho foco no greide e nos esforços finais do tabuleiro da ponte estaiada. As forças podem ser obtidas a partir da solução de um problema fundamental que consiste na determinação de acréscimos de força nos estais, necessários para atingir ou controlar um vetor de deslocamentos, ou um vetor de momentos fletores. De maneira geral, no caso de pontes construídas com aduelas (balanços sucessivos), para cada aduela anexada os esforços e deslocamentos são alterados nas aduelas já executadas, e principalmente nos estais já montados. A montagem deve garantir o greide final do tabuleiro e o conjunto de esforços desejados, o que se consegue com uma criteriosa definição dos esforços de montagem dos cabos. No mais, em função da sequência construtiva e do programa de tensionamento dos estais estabelecido para a obra, pode se tornar necessária a aplicação de uma correção sequencial das forças dos estais para se chegar às forças finais previstas em projeto.Será apresentado neste trabalho o procedimento de controle do greide final e dos esforços do tabuleiro da ponte e o de montagem dos estais, sendo este último, dividido na definição das forças dos cabos ao longo da montagem, na implantação destas forças na estrutura e num procedimento de correção sequencial das forças dos estais a partir da determinação de forças de ajuste. / In cable-stayed structures of bridges and viaducts, the determination of the stay forces is necessarily related to the direct action of loads plus interaction with the deformability of the staying, including especially the system deck and mast. On the other hand, it is necessary to know these forces along the assembly phases, as well as their proper implementation in the structure and determination of possible adjustments in forces due to bridge construction process, ensuring that the desired forces are achieved and the correct spatial distribution of forces of the staying. The knowledge of the stay forces is extremely important in controlling of the displacements and forces of the structure in question, having this work focus on shape and final forces of the cable-stayed bridge deck. The forces can be obtained from the solution to a fundamental problem that consists in the determination of increases strength in the stays, required to reach or control an array of displacements, or a vector of bending moments. In general, in the case of bridges constructed with staves (cantilever procedure), for each attached stave the forces and displacements are changed in staves already implemented, and especially in the stays already assembled. The assembly must ensure final shape of the deck and all forces desired, what can be achieved with a careful definition of the assembly forces of the cable. In addition, according to the sequence of constructive and the program tensioning of the stays established for the construction, may become necessary to apply a sequential correction of the strengths of the stays to reaching at the final forces provided in project.It will be presented in this work the procedure of control final shape and bridge deck forces and the assembly of stays, the latter divided in defining the forces of the cables along the assembly, deployment of these forces in the structure and a sequential correction procedure of the stay forces from the determination of adjustment forces.

No description available.

Underground Residential Distribution (URD) power cables are aged due to electrical, thermal, mechanical, and environmental stresses during their service. The recent dielectric conditions of the cables are of much interest for utilities. The existing offline diagnostic method requires forceful disconnection of the URD cable for maintenance. Online recording and Fast Fourier Transform analysis of intentionally created transients in URD is one of the promising method to assess the current condition of the cable. For the bigger goal of developing an online power cable condition assessment, the measurement techniques which are required to be implemented has to be evaluated. In order for implementing the online measurement system, the requirements of the measurement system have to be identified at first. URD system model was simulated using Electro Magnetic Transient Program to identify the characteristics of induced transients. A list of requirements of the measurement system was created based on the simulation results

Underground power cables encounter various problems caused by manufacturing defects and/or environmental contact. In keeping with the Smart Grid vision, researchers must develop diagnostic techniques that can be utilized to facilitate the decision making processes regarding replacement prior to failure can occur, thereby minimizing impact to customers. Due to the impact of the aging infrastructure and in particular underground polymeric cables, various offline and online methods have been developed for the detection of the remaining life of underground cables. The offline methods require power outage, which can lead to further difficulty in their implementation. Signal processing techniques hold promise to provide real time or near real time diagnostics. In this thesis, three different signal processing techniques; fast Fourier transform, short-time Fourier transform, and wavelet transform; are investigated for identifying and classifying various fault types encountered in underground power cables based on cable current and voltage measurements.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.