Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: nuclear power plant; electric cables; fire. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-75).

published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Graduation date: 1993

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 22, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 55). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The analysis of structures which contain catenary cables is made difficult by the non-linear force-deformation relationships of the cables. For all but the smallest deflections it is not possible to linearize these relationships without causing significant inaccuracies. Newton's Method solves non-linear equations by solving a succession of linearized problems, the answer converging to the solution of the non-linear problem. Newton's Method so used to analyze cable-containing structures results in a succession of linear stiffness analysis problems. As a result, conventional stiffness analysis computer programs may be modified without great difficulty to solve cable structures by Newton's Method. The use of Newton's Method to solve cable structures forms the body of this thesis. The two basic innovations necessary, which are the provision of methods for calculating the end-forces of a cable in an arbitrary position, and for evaluating the stiffness matrix of a cable, are presented. Also discussed are the co-ordinate transformations necessary to describe the cable stiffness matrix and cable end forces in a Global Co-ordinate System. The virtues of the method are demonstrated in two example problems, and the theoretical basis for Newton's Method is examined. Finally, the value of the method presented is briefly discussed. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Ingeniero Civil / El objetivo principal del presente trabajo de título es extender un modelo mecánico no lineal propuesto por De Vico (2013) para estimar la capacidad residual y capacidad de deformación de cables de geometría multicapa-multinivel dañados superficialmente de forma asimétrica. El modelo mecánico propuesto se basa en que el cable dañado se modela como una viga plana no lineal con pequeñas deformaciones considerando hipótesis de Bernoulli. Se asume que el cable está sometido a una carga axial y a una fuerza de corte uniforme por unidad de longitud en las direcciones principales de la sección dañada generando una flexión biaxial en éste. Esta fuerza de corte es inducida por la distribución asimétrica del daño considerando la geometría helicoidal inicial de los componentes que forman el cable. El grado de asimetría de la distribución de daño se cuantifica mediante un ente escalar denominado índice de asimetría (IA). Un algoritmo incremental-iterativo seccional controlado por desplazamiento es implementado en base a las soluciones de las ecuaciones diferenciales que gobiernan la deformada del cable dañado en ambos planos principales. Este algoritmo permite estimar la configuración deformada, distribuciones de tensiones y deformaciones, la resistencia residual y capacidad de deformación axial del cable dañado considerando la no linealidad geométrica y del material de los componentes que lo conforman. Los análisis realizados en este trabajo de título se basan en dos tipos de configuraciones de cables: (1) geometría multicapa (i.e., se identifica solo una estructura helicoidal en la composición geométrica de la sección del cable); (2) geometría multinivel, en que los cables están formados por cables de menor diámetro (sub-cables) dispuestos en forma paralela. En el primer caso se realiza un estudio numérico del tipo paramétrico para cables comerciales de acero cuyos diámetros varían desde 2 mm a 32 mm. En el segundo caso, las simulaciones de las curvas de capacidad se comparan con curvas experimentales reportadas en la literatura (Ward et al., 2006) para cables de poliéster cuyos diámetros varían de 32 mm a 166 mm con porcentaje de área dañada en un rango de 5% a 15%. En este segundo análisis, se incorpora el estudio del efecto de localización de deformación en torno a la sección dañada mediante el uso de un modelo numérico propuesto por Beltrán y Williamson (2011). De los resultados obtenidos se concluye que para el caso de geometría multicapa, considerando los rangos de valores del parámetro IA (0-0.5) y diámetro de los cables (2 mm -32 mm), el efecto de la asimetría del daño tiene un mayor impacto en cables de mayor diámetro para iguales valores de IA. En el caso particular de este estudio, no hay un efecto significativo en la rigidez del cable relativo al efecto de área neta (ignorar contribución de componentes fracturados), se reduce la capacidad de deformación de los componentes no fracturados hasta un 25% y se disminuye la resistencia residual del cable hasta un 3% relativo al área neta. Para el caso de geometría multinivel con sub-cables dispuestos en forma paralela, las curvas de capacidad considerando los efectos de localización de deformaciones y de asimetría del daño (en forma independiente) son cota superior e inferior respectivamente de las curvas experimentales. El efecto de localización de deformación induce una reducción porcentual en resistencia residual y capacidad de deformación cercana al porcentaje de área dañada con respecto a los valores de cable intacto. Por otro lado, el efecto de distribución asimétrica del daño induce una reducción de la capacidad de deformación del cable menor que el efecto de localización de deformación (máximo reducción de un 6% relativa al cable intacto para todos los casos estudiados). La distribución asimétrica tiene un mayor impacto en la reducción de la capacidad residual del cable dañado: esta reducción es mayor porcentualmente que el área dañada llegando hasta un 25 % para el caso de una sección dañada en un 15%. El efecto de la asimetría en la distribución del daño depende de la construcción de la sección del cable, y para un mismo tipo de cable, este efecto aumenta con el incremento del diámetro y del valor de IA. Los algoritmos asociados a los modelos de localización de deformación y daño asimétrico resultan ser computacionalmente eficientes y robustos.

A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2018 / Power cable terminations and joints experience high electrical stress due to the abrupt change in geometry of the cable; hence the insulation at these points is more prone to partial discharges and has been reported as the main root cause of power cable system failures. Electrical failure of the insulation is known to occur due to a phenomenon of Partial Discharges (PD). Modern practice (especially in higher voltage installations) entails installation of PD sensors at strategic locations during installation of electrical equipment such as cable joints and terminations. This enables continuous monitoring of PD events in the plant, and this is termed on-line PD diagnosis. However, with limited knowledge to interpret the meaning of certain PD changes during the service period, this practice remains limited. It is therefore the interest of the study to understand the time evolution behaviour of PD characteristics in order to discern the insulation condition or deteriorating stages. The present study is on XLPE power cables, focusing on PD in artificial defects in the cable termination insulation that in most cases arise from poor workmanship. The power cables were subjected to accelerated ageing to emulate their ageing under service conditions. PD measurements were then conducted at periodic time intervals and characterized PD in terms of PD Inception Voltage (PDIV), maximum apparent PD magnitude (Qmax), Pulse Repetition Rate (PRR) and Phase-Resolved-PartialDischarge-Pattern (PRPDP). The findings are that, Qmax, PRR and PDIV did not show any time-evolution trends unique to a defect, the general trends observed were that of a fairly constant PDIV with several fluctuations of a 5 kV band. Qmax showed a decreasing trend over ageing time. The PRR decreased overall, with a pick up increase near the end of the tests. Qmax and PRR were noted significantly fluctuative between 23% and 57% of the total ageing period, distinct characteristics were that, the tram line had the largest PRR which is expected since it is a flat cavity, and iii the PRPDP appeared more skewed than other defects. The semicon feather had a PRPDP that seemed like a combination of a void discharge and corona discharge. The ring cut PRPDP was similar to that of the tram line except that it was not skewed. Furthermore, a capacitance PD model was constructed in Matlab R Simulink R to emulate experimental observed PD behaviour and therefore confirm the theory explaining the observed time-dependency of PD phenomena. Simulated void discharge PRPDP which corresponded with experimentally measured PRPDP were obtained for the unaged, moderately aged and severely aged cavity defect. The corona-surface discharge effect observed in the semicon PRPDP was also successfully emulated. The study outcomes suggest that PD characteristics evolve over time, and that the behaviour of the observed trend is unique at different stages during ageing. The time evolution characteristics of PD are The PRPDP signatures did not change with time of ageing despite the variations in Qmax and PRR. This means that, defect signatures obtained prior ageing or in-service operation of the cables can still serve as a good reference of identifying the nature of the defect at different ageing stages except in the event of PD evanescence. From the simulations, it was derived that the PD region surface conductivity as well as the geometry of the defect are the main contributing factors to the unique signatures observed at different stages and per defect. / XL2019