The primary objective of this study was to develop a prediction system for the occurrence of law violations on the Ogden Ranger District, Weber County, Cache National Forest, Utah, whereby the existing manpower and equipment may be used as effectively as possible. In an attempt to develop the prediction system, 13 variables were chosen that were felt to be related to the occurrence of law violations. These variables consisted on nine weather variables and four use related variables, Of the original 13 variables, 12 variables were significant. The most significant variables that accounted for the greatest portion of the variability of the occurrence of law violations were directly related to the level of use. The prediction system developed in this study is not a usable tool for the resource managers of the Ogden Ranger District because it accounted for little more than chance alone.

Six species of insects were found attacking limber pine cones from July 26, 1968, through October 4, 1969, in Cache National Forest. The three species considered of major importance are: Conophthorus flexilis Hopkins, Dioryctria abietella (D. & S.), and D. sp. near or disclusa Heinrich. The three minor species encountered are; Bradysia sp., Trogoderma parabile Beal, and Asynapta keeni (Foote). In addition to the major and minor cone pests three parasites, Apanteles sp . prob. starki Mason, Elacherus sp., and Hypopteromalus percussor Girault were found associated with the cone pests. C. flexilis, which completely destroys the cone, was ranked as the number one pest on the basis of numbers present plus severity of damage. During 1968 and 1969 C.flexilis destroyed 11.47 percent of the 1500 cones examined, with a mean of 5.87 larvae per infested cone. The cone moths, D. abietella and D. sp. near or disclusa, were ranked second and third in importance respectively. D. sp . near or disclusa was potentially the more important cone moth, as it caused a total destruction of the seed bearing portion of the cones. However, D. abietella infested 15.40 percent of the cones, in contrast to 2.00 percent by D. sp. near or disclusa. There were no significant statistical differences in insect populations between 1968 and 1969, although the percent infestation of C. flexilis and D. sp. near or disclusa increased slightly and D. abietella decreased.

The goal of this study was to determine if watering and fertilizing would help maintain favorable vegetation conditions on forested recreation sites. Sunrise Campground on the Cache National Forest in northern Utah was the study site. Treatment applications of water and nitrogen- phosphorous fertilizer were made from 1964 through 1968. Covariance analysis of variables indicated that all treatments produced significantly greater amounts of ground cover vegetation than control plots. Ground cover response to treatments was greater under aspen than under coniferous overstory, and treatments under aspen produced differences in appearance of vegetation . There were no significant differences in diameter growth of overstory trees. The results showed that watering and fertilizing are effective management tools for maintaining ground cover.

Sagebrush shrubsteppe ecosystems have increasingly garnered attention as an endangered ecosystem. Ninety nine percent of all sagebrush ecosystems are thought to have been impacted by humans, and over 50% of grassland and shrubsteppe species are believed to be in decline. Most of the research on sagebrush ecosystems has been conducted at lower elevations and in large expanses of sagebrush. A considerable amount of sagebrush is found at higher elevations, often in meadows found within a forest matrix. The role of this high-elevation habitat is poorly understood. We conducted bird, small mammal, vegetation, and soil surveys in sagebrush-dominated mountain meadows within the Wasatch-Cache National Forest in northeastern Utah. Meadows ranged from 0.6 to 782 hectares in size and included an impressive list of associated plant species. We detected two sagebrush-obligate species and numerous shrubsteppe-associated species. Each species appears to respond to different habitat characteristics, but all species that showed a significant relationship with meadow size were more likely to occur in larger meadows. Many species showed no relationship with size, suggesting that while larger meadows were preferred by some species, small meadows could also play an important role as habitat. While sagebrush-dominated mountain meadows were important for some species, we also failed to detect a number of species of interest. In particular, Sage Thrasher, Sage Sparrow, and pygmy rabbit were not found within the study area. North American Breeding Bird data suggests that Sage Thrashers can be found nearby. It is likely that these birds are only found in large expanses, and none of our meadows were large enough to support them. Sagebrush-dominated mountain meadows appear to be an important supplement to large expanses of sagebrush shrubsteppe habitat, but are not substitutable for all species.