The constitutive studies of this thesis were achieved and presented in three parts. In the first part, the effects of solid state synthesis process parameters and the impurity content of primary calcium precursor on the cement-type hydration efficiency for the conversion of &alpha / -tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2 or &alpha / -TCP) into hydroxyapatite (Ca10-xHPO4(PO4)6-x(OH)2-x x = 0&ndash / 1, or HAp) have been investigated (at 37&deg / C). &alpha / -TCP was synthesized by thermal processing of stoichiometric amounts of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and monetite (CaHPO4) at 1150&ndash / 1350&deg / C for 2 h. Three commercial grade CaCO3 powders of different purity were used as starting materials for the synthesis process and the resultant &alpha / -TCP products for all synthesis routes were compared in terms of the material properties and their reactivities. In the second part of the studies, &alpha / -TCP and chitosan fiber (CF) composites were prepared as injectable bone cement systems which have a potential to degrade in time to be replaced by the natural bone tissue. &alpha / -TCP/CF composites were prepared in different compositions and the effect of CF addition on cement properties were examined by mechanical and injectability tests as well as microstructural and phase analysis studies. In the third part of the studies, metal chelating property of CFs was used on development of controlled zinc release systems that can be applied in local zinc deficiency therapies of bone tissue. For this purpose, CF scaffolds were prepared by wet-spinning technique and appropriate amount of zinc was loaded to these scaffolds in regard to the zinc content of a healthy human bone tissue. Zinc release studies were performed on calcium phosphate (CaP) covered and non-covered CF scaffolds and zinc ion concentrations of the release solutions were determined by ICP-MS.