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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Elucidation of Jasmonate-Responsive Promoter Elements in the Calmodulin-Like Gene CML39 in Arabidopsis

Maj, DAVID 27 September 2013 (has links)
All organisms require rapid and flexible signaling mechanisms in order to effectively respond to biotic and abiotic stress. Calcium ions (Ca2+) have proven to be important components of signaling networks. Observations of stimulus-specific oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ during signal transduction suggest that Ca2+ signals directly encode information. These stimulus-specific oscillations, known as Ca2+ signatures, can be interpreted by an array of Ca2+-binding sensors and effectors, which subsequently regulate appropriate cellular responses. While progress has been made regarding the classic Ca2+-sensor calmodulin (CaM), less research has been directed towards the CaM-like family of Ca2+-sensors (CMLs). This family – unique to plants – is suspected to regulate a multitude of stress and developmental pathways; however, to date very few members of this family have had their functions elucidated by the identification of downstream targets and upstream regulators. In the present study, I investigate the regulation of CML39, which has previously been shown to strongly respond to the stress hormone jasmonic acid (JA) in Arabidopsis. Bioinformatic tools predict a large number of putative JA-responsive cis-elements within the CML39 promoter. Deletion analysis of CML39 promoter fragments in planta reveals that some cis-elements respond in a tissue-specific manner. Analysis of transgenic MYC2 loss-of-function (myc2) mutants demonstrates that MYC2 – the preeminent JA-responsive transcription factor – is not necessary for CML39 promoter activity. Collectively, these data reveal a complex tissue-specific pattern of CML39 regulation and provide a foundation for the future identification of relevant transcription factors. / Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-24 21:06:30.592
2

Contribution de CML8 et CML11, deux calmodulin-like proteins dans le développement et la réponse aux stress biotiques chez Arabidopsis / Contribution of CML8 and CML11, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins in plant development and biotic stress responses

Zhu, Xiaoyang 06 September 2016 (has links)
Dans leur environnement naturel, les plantes sont constamment exposées aux stress de nature biotique et abiotiques. Aussi, pour maintenir leur croissance et achever leur cycle de développement, les plantes ont développé des mécanismes rapides et efficaces leur permettant de percevoir, de décoder ces signaux de l'environnement et de mettre en places des réponses adaptées. S'il est à présent admis que le calcium joue un rôle crucial en tant que second messager, les mécanismes de décodage jouent eux aussi des rôles indispensables. Parmi les calcium sensors les mieux caractérisés, la calmoduline (CaM) est certainement la plus étudiée. La CaM est retrouvée chez tous les eucaryotes et contribue à la signalisation cellulaire en interagissant avec de nombreuses protéines cibles au cours du développement et en réponse au stress. Cependant, contrairement aux autres eucaryotes, les plantes se caractérisent par la présence dans leur génome de nombreux gènes codant des protéines apparentées à la CaM appelées CalModulin-Like (CMLs) dont les rôles restent encore à révéler. Au cours de ce travail, une analyse moléculaire des CaM et des CML a été réalisée au sein de la lignée verte (des algues aux plantes supérieures). Nous avons montré que l'émergence des CaM et des CMLs mais aussi leur nombre ont évolué au cours des processus de colonisation de la terre par les plantes et que l'émergence de nouvelles classes de CMLs est concomitante de l'apparition de nouvelles fonctions ou organes. Le travail s'est ensuite focalisé sur l'analyse fonctionnelle de CML8 et de CML11 et il a été montré que CML8 est impliqué dans le développement des plantes en particulier dans le développement des racines latérales et la ramification mais également dans l'immunité des plantes contre Pseudomonas syringae et Ralstonia solanacearum en tant que régulateur positif. Les mécanismes moléculaires restent encore à préciser mais CML8 serait impliquée dans l'ETS (Effector Triggered Susceptibility) en lien avec la voie de l'acide salicylique plutôt qu'avec les processus de PTI (PAMP Triggered Immunity) en réponse à Pseudomonas. Concernant CML11, cette CML se caractérise par la présence d'un domaine PolyQ. Si le profil d'expression de CML11 est différent de CML8, l'analyse fonctionnelle n'a pu être qu'initiée pendant ce travail avec un intérêt particulier pour le rôle joué par le domaine polyQ. / Plants are continuously exposed to a variety of unfavorable environmental conditions including biotic and abiotic stresses. To maintain their growth and achieve their development cycle, plant evolved efficient and rapid mechanisms to perceive, transduce and respond to these signals. It is now well-known that calcium plays a crucial role as a secondary messenger in the implementation of adaptative responses. However, the calcium signals need to be decoded and relayed by calcium sensors such as calmodulin to downstram target proteins to trigger specific responses. Calmodulin (CaM) is a well-studied calcium sensor which is ubiquitous in all eukaryotes and that contributes to signaling during developmental processes and stress responses. However, compared to other eukaryotes, plants possess a remarkable variety of CaM-like proteins (CMLs) for which the role remain to be elucidated. CaM and CML evolution analysis among the green lineage from algae to land plants shows that CaM and CMLs evolved during the terrestrial colonization of plants and that the emergence of new CML classes appeared throughout the green lineage and correlated with the acquisition of novel biological traits. The functional analysis of two closely relative protein CML8 and CML11 showed that CML8 is involved in plant development by affecting lateral root formation and shoot branching but also as a positive regulator in plant immunity against Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum phytopathogenic bacteria. The molecular mechanisms controlled by CML8 are still unsolved but we propose that CML8 may participate in ETS (Effector Triggered Susceptibility) through a salicylic acid dependent pathway rather than in PTI (PAMP Triggered Immunity) in response to Pst inoculation. Concerning CML11, this protein is characterized by the presence of a polyQ domain. While its gene expression profile is different from CML8, its functional analysis was initiated during this work with a particular focus on the polyQ domain.

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