Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-23T18:36:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 luise_andrade_amaral.pdf: 1436467 bytes, checksum: 25e61f8ccb471b178196973f1abe067f (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-23T18:37:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 luise_andrade_amaral.pdf: 1436467 bytes, checksum: 25e61f8ccb471b178196973f1abe067f (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-23T18:37:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 luise_andrade_amaral.pdf: 1436467 bytes, checksum: 25e61f8ccb471b178196973f1abe067f (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-23T18:37:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 luise_andrade_amaral.pdf: 1436467 bytes, checksum: 25e61f8ccb471b178196973f1abe067f (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dois tipos de topsoil, assim como maneiras de utiliza??o dos mesmos, ou como fonte de prop?gulos, nutrientes, microorganismos, mat?ria org?nica etc., na recupera??o de diferentes ?reas degradadas. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em ?reas pertencentes ? empresa de minera??o de ferro Anglo American, sediada no munic?pio de Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, no entanto, como a empresa ainda est? em fase de instala??o, as ?reas cedidas n?o s?o degradadas pelo processo de extra??o do min?rio, sendo uma em pilha de est?ril e a outra em pastagem degradada. O trabalho foi organizado em cap?tulos, em que o primeiro apresenta uma revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre todos os temas envolvidos no estudo. O segundo cap?tulo apresenta a avalia??o da regenera??o natural e da cobertura do solo de uma pilha de est?ril no per?odo seco e chuvoso a partir da deposi??o a lan?o de topsoil proveniente de campo rupestre ferruginoso no munic?pio de Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais. E o terceiro cap?tulo apresenta abordagens para o uso de topsoil na recupera??o de uma pastagem degradada. Na ?rea do cap?tulo 2, foram instaladas, sistematicamente, 26 parcelas e uma parcela controle de 1 m?, foram caracterizados os atributos f?sicos e qu?micos dos substratos com e sem topsoil. Para identifica??o flor?stica, foram realizados dois invent?rios, um em julho de 2012 (in?cio da esta??o seca) e o outro em novembro de 2012 (in?cio da esta??o chuvosa). A cobertura do solo foi estimada, visualmente, por meio da porcentagem de cobertura viva, serrapilheira e solo exposto. Foram registrados 675 indiv?duos, sendo 201 contabilizados na primeira amostragem e 474 na segunda, totalizando 24 esp?cies identificadas pertencentes a 11 fam?lias e X indeterminadas. As fam?lias com maior n?mero de esp?cies foram: Asteraceae, com 26,92%, e Melastomataceae, com 15,38%. No entanto, as fam?lias que apresentaram maior o n?mero de indiv?duos foram Poaceae (33,33%) e Verbenaceae (28,85%) na esta??o seca e Poaceae (93,03%), Portulacaceae (68,16%) e Verbenaceae (35,82%) na esta??o chuvosa. Dentre os h?bitos encontrados, as herb?ceas se destacaram com 65,63% do total, seguidas pelas arbustivas 6,22%, subarbustivas 5,48% e arb?reas 1,18%. A cobertura viva aumentou 53%, a serrapilheira e o solo exposto diminu?ram 13 e 11%, respectivamente. J? no cap?tulo 3, foram estabelecidos 14 tratamentos com tr?s repeti??es implantados em 42 parcelas de 5 x 5 m numa ?rea, anteriormente, ocupada por pastagem. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), em esquema fatorial (3 x 2 x 2) + 2. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combina??o das origens do topsoil (est?gio inicial e est?gio m?dio), tr?s espessuras (10, 20 e 30 cm) e aus?ncia ou presen?a de sombrite de 70% com duas testemunhas adicionais (T1 e T2). Foi realizada a caracteriza??o f?sica, qu?mica e microbiol?gica do topsoil por meio de amostras coletadas na profundidade de 0-10 cm. Determinaram-se microorganismos por meio de an?lise de DNA, cobertura do solo e a flor?stica. Os resultados mostraram que o uso do topsoil melhorou, consideravelmente, a atividade microbiana atrav?s do carbono da biomassa e da amplifica??o de DNAs para grupos de bact?rias e fungos. A cobertura vegetal desenvolvida sobre os dois tipos de topsoil apresentou um total de 2929 indiv?duos de h?bitos herb?ceo, arbustivos e subarbustivos, identificadas 33 esp?cies em 11 fam?lias e uma morfoesp?cie. A fam?lia Asteraceae foi a que apresentou o maior n?mero de esp?cies (9), seguida de Fabaceae (6), Convolvulaceae e Malvaceae (4) e Solanaceae (3). J? o levantamento flor?stico do estrato arb?reo registrou 235 indiv?duos pertencentes a 21 esp?cies e 14 fam?lias e duas esp?cies sem identifica??o. A fam?lia com maior riqueza de esp?cies foi a Fabaceae (4), seguida da Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae e Asteraceae, no entanto, o maior n?mero de indiv?duos foi a Siparunaceae. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate two types of topsoil, as well as ways to use them as a source of propagules, nutrients, microorganisms, organic matter etc., The recovery of degraded areas different. The experiments were conducted in areas belonging to the mining company Anglo American iron headquartered in the municipality of Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, however, as the company is still in the installation phase, the assigned areas are not degraded by the process of extraction of ore, one in waste dump and the other in degraded pasture. The work was organized in chapters where the first presents a literature review on all subjects involved in the study. The second chapter presents the evaluation of natural regeneration and soil cover of a waste dump in the dry and wet deposition from the haul topsoil from ferruginous rocky fields in the municipality of Concei??o do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais. The third chapter presents approaches to the use of topsoil in the recovery of a degraded pasture. In the area of Chapter 2 were systematically installed 26 plots and a control plot 1 square meter, we characterized the physical and chemical properties of the substrates with and without topsoil. For floristic identification were two surveys one in July 2012 (early dry season) and the other in November 2012 (rainy season). The ground cover was visually estimated by the percentage of live coverage, litter and exposed soil. We recorded 675 individuals being recorded in sample 201 and 474 in the second sample, a total of 24 identified species belonging to 11 families and a group of indeterminate. The families with the largest number of species were Asteraceae and Melastomataceae with 26.92% to 15.38%. However, households that had higher number of individuals were Poaceae (33.33%) and Verbenaceae (28.85%) in the dry season and Poaceae (93.03%), Portulaca (68.16%) and Verbenaceae ( 35.82%) in the rainy season. Among the habits found the herbaceous stood out with 65.63% of the total followed by shrub 6.22%, 5.48% and woody subshrubs 1.18%. The live coverage increased by 53%, the litter and exposed soil decreased by 13 and 11%, respectively. Already in chapter 3 were established 14 treatments with three replications implanted in 42 plots of 5 x 5 m in an area previously occupied by grasslands. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD), factorial (3x 2 x 2) + 2. The treatments consisted of combinations of sources of topsoil (early stage and middle stage), three thicknesses (10, 20 and 30 cm) and presence or absence of shading 70% with two additional witnesses (T1 and T2). We performed the physical, chemical and microbiological through the topsoil samples collected at a depth of 0-10 cm. Microorganisms was determined through DNA analysis, ground cover, and flora The results showed that the use of topsoil considerably improved microbial activity through carbon and biomass DNA amplification for groups of bacteria and fungi. The vegetation developed on the two types of topsoil had a total of 2929 individuals habits herbaceous, shrubby and subarbustivos, 33 species in 11 families and one morphospecies. The family Asteraceae was the one with the highest number of species (9), followed by Fabaceae (6), Convolvulaceae and Malvaceae (4) and Solanaceae (3). Already a floristic inventory of the tree stratum recorded 235 individuals belonging to 21 species and 14 families and two unidentified species. The family with the highest species richness was the Fabaceae (4), followed by Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae and Asteraceae, however, the largest number of individuals was Siparunaceae.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T19:19:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luana_cristielle_araujo.pdf: 2395383 bytes, checksum: 9bb2ed4d6dcfdf6793777225baf50c2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T16:41:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luana_cristielle_araujo.pdf: 2395383 bytes, checksum: 9bb2ed4d6dcfdf6793777225baf50c2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T16:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luana_cristielle_araujo.pdf: 2395383 bytes, checksum: 9bb2ed4d6dcfdf6793777225baf50c2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar conhecimento sobre a aplica??o de diferentes t?cnicas na restaura??o de ambientes degradados pela minera??o de ferro. A disserta??o foi estruturada em tr?s cap?tulos, sendo o primeiro uma revis?o de literatura, com intuito de retratar os temas abordados na disserta??o. No segundo, avaliou-se o espa?amento de plantio para Vellozia ramosissima e Pseudobombax campestre no modelo de plantio em Leque, visando gerar conhecimento sobre o manejo dessas esp?cies resgatadas na reintrodu??o a ambientes degradados. Para tal depositou-se sobre uma pilha de est?ril de canga ferruginosa uma camada de topsoil associado ? canga ferruginosa, onde foi instalado o experimento em delineamento sistem?tico tipo ?Leque?, conforme o modelo (IA) proposto por Nelder (1962), em que se avaliou oito espa?amentos de plantio, variando de 2 m?/planta a 9,3 m?/planta. As vari?veis analisadas foram o incremento em altura e di?metro de P. campestre, al?m da sobreviv?ncia de V. ramosissima e P. campestre aos quatro, oito e doze meses ap?s o replantio. Para avaliar os melhores tratamentos foram realizadas an?lises de vari?ncia (ANOVA) a 5% de signific?ncia. Para a sobreviv?ncia realizou-se o teste n?o-param?trico de Kruskal-Wallis a 5% de signific?ncia. As duas esp?cies estudadas apresentaram nos per?odos avaliados sobreviv?ncia acima de 80%. O incremento em altura e di?metro de P. campestre foi crescente ao longo do per?odo avaliado, apresentando uma m?dia geral 34,3 cm e 16,6 mm, respectivamente, durante os doze meses ap?s o replantio. Ressalta-se que os espa?amentos de plantio testados para as esp?cies deste estudo n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas para todas as vari?veis analisadas. O terceiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do uso da camada superficial de solo ?topsoil? associado ? canga ferruginosa, como alternativa na recomposi??o da cobertura vegetal de uma pilha de est?ril de canga ferruginosa. A comunidade regenerante foi amostrada aos 10 e 18 meses, ap?s a deposi??o do topsoil. Assim, determinou-se a densidade de plantas, composi??o e diversidade flor?stica, al?m de avaliar a din?mica de popula??es e cobertura do solo. A cobertura vegetal proveniente do topsoil ao final do per?odo avaliado apresentou um total de 19.485 indiv?duos pertencentes a 26 fam?lias com 82 esp?cies e seis morfoesp?cies. As fam?lias com maior n?mero de esp?cies foram Asteraceae (16), seguidas de Fabaceae (11) e Poaceae (8). A cobertura m?dia do solo na ?rea experimental foi de 58%, ap?s 18 meses. A utiliza??o do topsoil mostrou-se como uma t?cnica promissora e de extrema import?ncia na indu??o da restaura??o da pilha de est?ril de canga ferruginosa, uma vez que proporcionou a regenera??o natural, recomposi??o da vegeta??o com esp?cies aut?ctones, crescimento satisfat?rio dos indiv?duos e r?pida cobertura do solo ao longo do per?odo avaliado. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / This work aimed at generating knowledge on the application of different techniques in the restoration of degraded environments due the iron mining. The master's thesis was structured into three chapters, where the first is a literature review which portrays the issues addressed in the thesis. In the second chapter we evaluated the planting spacing for Vellozia ramosissima and Pseudobombax campestre in fan-shaped planting model, aiming at generating knowledge on the management of the two species when reintroduced in degraded environments. For this purpose we deposited on a pile of sterile ferruginous yoke one topsoil layer associated with the ferruginous yoke, where we conducted the experiment in a fan-shaped systematic design, according to the model (IA) proposed by Nelder (1962), in which were evaluated eight planting spacings ranging from 2 m?/plant to 9.3 m?/plant. We analyzed as variables the increase in height and diameter of P. campestre and the survival of V. ramosissima and P. campestre in the fourth, eighth, and twelveth months after replanting. In order to evaluate the best treatments we performed variance analysis (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. For survival we used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level. Both the studied species showed survival above 80% in the evaluated periods. The increment in height and diameter of P. campestre was increasing over the studied period, presenting an overall average of 34.3 cm and 16.6 mm, respectively, during the twelve months after replanting. We point out that the plant spacings for the species tested in this study presented no significant differences for all variables. The third chapter aimed at evaluating the potential use of the surface layer of "topsoil" associated with ferruginous yoke, as an alternative in the vegetation cover restoration of a waste pile of ferruginous yoke. The regenerating community was sampled in the 10th and 18th months after the deposit of topsoil. Therefore, we determined the plant density, the composition and the floristic diversity, and we also evaluated the dynamics of populations and soil coverage. The vegetation provided by the topsoil by the end of the studied period showed a total of 19,485 individuals which belong to 26 families with 82 species and six morphospecies. The families with the highest number of species were Asteraceae (16), followed by Fabaceae (11), and Poaceae (8). The average coverage of the soil in the experimental area was 58% after 18 months. The use of topsoil was shown as a promising and extremely important technique in inducing the restoration of the waste pile of ferruginous yoke, once it provided natural regeneration, vegetation restoration with native species, satisfactory growth of individuals, and quick soil coverage over the studied period.