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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comportamento alimentar do camar?o marinho farfantenaeus subtilis em condi??es laboratoriais

Silva, Priscila Fernandes 30 March 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscilaFS.pdf: 858525 bytes, checksum: 5e35b139cd8c6a2aa511bd7fc297a0d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / Shrimp culture represents an important activity to brazilian economy. The northeastern region has presented high levels of production because of its climatic conditions. An important factor for the activity?s major development is related to the introduction of the species Litopenaeus vannamei. The use of an exotic species can disturb the ecosystem. In the last decades, L. vannamei has been the only species cultivated in Brazilian farms, there not being an alternative species for shrimp culture. So, there is an urgent need to developing new studies with the native species, which might represent an alternative concerning shrimp production, with emphasis on Farfantepenaeus subtilis. Another important aspect related to the activity is feeding management, once it is quite usual that feed offer on the pond does not take into account either the species? physiology and behavior or the influence of environmental variables, such as light cycle and substrate. That knowledge may optimize management and so reduce the impact of effluents in the environment. This study?s objective was characterizing feeding behavior of F. subtilis in laboratory. For that, an ethogram was developed, using 20 wild animals which were observed through ad libitum and all occurrences methods. Two experiments were developed in order to register feeding behavior on different substrates, along 15 days, each. In the first experiment, 40 animals were distributed in eight aquaria, half being observed during the light phase of the 24 hour cycle and the other half in the dark phase, both in halimeda substrate. In the second experiment, 20 animals were distributed in four aquaria, under similar conditions as the previous ones, but in sand substrate. In both experiments, animals were observed respectively one, four, seven and ten hours after the beginning of the phase, for light phase, for the dark phase, in ten minute observation windows, before and immediately after feed offer. The following behaviors were registered: feed ingestion, ingestion of other items, inactivity, exploration, vertical exploration, swimming, crawling, digging, burrowing, and moving by the animals. Observation windows after feed offer also included latency to reach the tray and to ingest feed. Nineteen behaviors were described for the species. F. subtilis presented more behavioral activities in halimeda substrate even in the light phase, while burrowing was predominant in sand substrate. In both substrates, moving, crawling and exploration were more frequent after feed offer, but inactivity and burrowing were more frequent before that. Feed ingestion was more frequent in halimeda, both in light and dark phases. Weight gain was also more prominent in that substrate. In sand substrtate, ingestion was more frequent in the dark phase, which suggests that higher granulometry facilitates feed ingestion in F. subtilis juveniles. Our results demonstrate the importance of studies for the better knowledge of the species, specially its response to environmental stimuli, in order to improve animal management / A carcinicultura ? uma atividade de grande import?ncia econ?mica no Brasil. Um fator que contribuiu para o crescimento da atividade foi a introdu??o da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei. A utiliza??o de uma esp?cie ex?tica pode causar danos ao ecossistema nativo e atualmente L. vannamei ? a ?nica esp?cie cultivada no Brasil, n?o havendo uma alternativa para o setor. Da? a necessidade de estudos com esp?cies nativas que possam representar outra via para a produ??o, em particular Farfantepenaeus subtilis. O conhecimento sobre o comportamento e fisiologia da esp?cie e sobre a influ?ncia das caracter?sticas do ambiente, como o ciclo de luz e substrato, sobre a ingest?o, pode otimizar o manejo e minimizar o impacto do despejo de efluentes no meio ambiente. Assim, esse estudo objetiva caracterizar o comportamento alimentar de F. subtilis ao longo do ciclo de luz em diferentes substratos sob condi??es laboratoriais. Para isso foi elaborado um etograma utilizando 20 animais trazidos da natureza, e observados pelos m?todos ad libitum e Todas as Ocorr?ncias. Para observa??o do comportamento alimentar dois experimentos foram realizados em diferentes substratos, com dura??o de 15 dias cont?nuos cada. No primeiro experimento 40 animais foram distribu?dos em oito aqu?rios, quatro na fase de claro e quatro na fase de escuro, com substrato de conchas de ostras trituradas (halimeda). No segundo experimento 20 animais foram distribu?dos em quatro aqu?rios, dois na fase de claro e dois na fase de escuro, com substrato de areia. Em ambos os experimentos os animais foram observados na fase de claro nos hor?rios 7h, 10h, 13h e 16h (1, 4, 7, 10) e nos hor?rios equivalentes na fase de escuro19h, 22h, 1h e 4h (1, 4, 7, 10), em janelas de 10 minutos antes e imediatamente ap?s a oferta da ra??o. Os comportamentos registrados foram: ingest?o do item ofertado, ingest?o do item que n?o o ofertado, parado, explora??o, explora??o vertical, nata??o, rastejamento, cavar, enterramento, limpeza e o deslocamento dos animais. Ap?s a oferta do alimento as lat?ncias de chegada a bandeja e de consumo do alimento foram registradas. Ao todo 19 comportamentos foram descritos para a esp?cie. F. subtilis apresentou uma maior diversidade de comportamentos na halimeda, mesmo na fase de claro, enquanto que na areia o enterramento predominou. Nos dois substratos o deslocamento, rastejamento e explora??o foram mais freq?entes ap?s a oferta do alimento, enquanto o parado e o enterramento foram mais frequentes antes. A ingest?o da ra??o foi maior no substrato de halimeda, n?o diferindo entre as fases de claro e escuro, o ganho de peso dos animais tamb?m foi maior nesse substrato. Na areia a ingest?o foi mais freq?ente na fase de escuro, o que sugere que substratos de maior granulometria favorecem a ingest?o do alimento em juvenis de F. subtilis. Nossos resultados demonstram a import?ncia do conhecimento da esp?cie e de sua resposta aos est?mulos do ambiente, como subs?dio para o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de manejo eficientes
2

Desempenho reprodutivo do camar?o-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) em cativeiro: Efeito da alimenta??o e propor??o sexual. / Reproductive performance of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) raised in captivity: Effect of diets and sex ratio.

Flor, Helaine dos Reis 01 September 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-24T16:03:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Helaine dos Reis Flor.pdf: 3447034 bytes, checksum: 3861cf7664eb46a21add49a26a4479c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T16:03:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Helaine dos Reis Flor.pdf: 3447034 bytes, checksum: 3861cf7664eb46a21add49a26a4479c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis is a native species also known as the pink shrimp, and is one of the most explored fishing resources of the Brazilian coastline. This study aims to evaluate the reproductive performance of the F. brasiliensis raised in captivity submitted to different diets and sex ratios. Wild broodstock were captured in the Ba?a de Sepetiba, near to the Restinga da Marambaia and were kept for 107 days in maturation tanks at the Esta??o de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (EBM-UFRRJ). After ten days of acclimatization, the animals were randomly assigned to 18 polyethylene tanks, 450L volume, with constant aeration, continuous filtered seawater exchange, feeding trays and pieces of PVC pipes to serve as shelter. Each tank stored six animals. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and three repetitions for each. Three diet feeding protocols were evaluated: A- 25% commercial diet /75% fresh food; B- 50% commercial diet 50% fresh food e C- 75% commercial diet /25% fresh food and two sex rations (male:female) 1:1 and 1:2 were evaluated. Females shrimp were unilaterally eyestalk ablated and marked with alternate cuts on the uropods for individual identification. The number of spawns, fecundity and hatching rate were used as the criteria for evaluation of reproductive performance. The 1M:2F sex ratio and the B feeding protocol had the best results regarding reproductive performance related to number of eggs/female and total egg production. Treatments that used the C diet presented the best hatching rates, despite of the low number of spawns. Throughout the experiment moulting occurred, however the spawning stopped between the 81st and the 90th day, probably due to physiological stress. At the end of the experiment, the females presented low survival rate in every treatment, possibly due to handling stress occurred during the gonadal maturation checks. Overall results of the present study indicated that it is possible to reproduce the F. brasiliensis in captivity, in small tanks, showing satisfactory reproductive performance. Nevertheless, it is necessary to re-evaluate the animal handling, in order to decrease the mortality and optimize the performance in captivity. / Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis ? uma esp?cie nativa conhecida como camar?o-rosa, e um dos recursos pesqueiros mais freq?entes e explorados na costa brasileira. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de F. brasiliensis em cativeiro submetidos a diferentes dietas e propor??es sexuais. Os reprodutores selvagens foram capturados na Ba?a de Sepetiba, pr?ximo ? Restinga da Marambaia e mantidos durante 107 dias em tanques de matura??o na Esta??o de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (EBM-UFRRJ). Ap?s dez dias de aclimata??o, os animais foram distribu?dos aleatoriamente em 18 tanques de polietileno com volume ?til de 450L, com aera??o constante, fluxo cont?nuo de ?gua do mar filtrado, bandejas de alimenta??o e peda?os de canos de PVC para servir de abrigo para os animais. Em cada tanque foram colocados 6 animais. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e tr?s repeti??es cada. Foram avaliadas tr?s dietas alimentares: A-25% ra??o/75% alimento fresco; B-50% ra??o/50% alimento fresco e C-75% ra??o/25% alimento fresco e duas propor??es sexuais (macho:f?mea) de 1:1 e 1:2.Todas as f?meas foram abladas e marcadas com cortes alternados nos ur?podos para identifica??o individual. A avalia??o do desempenho reprodutivo foi realizada atrav?s do n?mero de desovas, fecundidade e taxa de eclos?o de cada tratamento. A propor??o sexual 1M:2F e a dieta B apresentaram os melhores resultados de desempenho reprodutivo em rela??o ao no de desovas e fecundidade. Os tratamentos que receberam a dieta C foram os que apresentaram melhor taxa de eclos?o, apesar do baixo n?mero de desovas. Ocorreram mudas durante todo per?odo experimental, por?m a ocorr?ncia das desovas cessou entre 81o e 90o dia de experimento, provavelmente por desgaste fisiol?gico. Ao final do experimento, as f?meas apresentaram alta mortalidade em todos os tratamentos, possivelmente devido ao estresse causado pelo manuseio di?rio para vistoria da matura??o das g?nadas. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo constataram a possibilidade de F. brasiliensis reproduzir em cativeiro em tanques pequenos, apresentando desempenho reprodutivo satisfat?rio. Por?m ? necess?rio reavaliar o manejo, para diminuir a mortalidade e melhorar a efici?ncia de c?pula, para otimizar o desempenho em cativeiro.

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