Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioTPLD_DISSERT_1-57.pdf: 4080097 bytes, checksum: 6b4587c4ddbf8c39fc420eddf4c5025b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / On Rio Grande do Norte northern coast the process of sediment transport are intensely controlled by wind and sea (waves and currents) action, causing erosion and shoreline morphological instability. Due to the importance of such coastal zone it was realized the multi-spectral mapping and physical-chemical characterization of mudflats and mangroves aiming to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process on the oil fields of Macau and Serra installed at the study area. The multi-spectral bands of 2000 and 2008 LANDSAT 5 TM images were submitted on the several digital processing steps and RGB color compositions integrating spectral bands and Principal Components. Such processing methodology was important to the mapping of different units on surface, together with field works. It was possible to make an analogy of the spectral characteristics of wetlands with vegetations areas (mangrove), showing the possibility to make a restoration of this area, contributing with the environmental monitoring of that ecosystem. The maps of several units were integrated in GIS environment at 1:60,000 scale, including the classification of features according to the presence or absence of vegetation cover. Thus, the strategy of methodology established that there are 10.13 km2 at least of sandy-muddy and of these approximately 0.89 km2 with the possibility to be used in a reforestation of typical flora of mangrove. The physical-chemical characterization showed areas with potential to introduce local species of mangrove and they had a pH above neutral with a mean of 8.4. The characteristic particle size is sand in the fine fractions, the high levels of carbonate, organic matter and major and trace element in general are concentrated where the sediment had the less particles size, showing the high correlation that those elements have with smaller particles of sediment. The application of that methodological strategy is relevant to the better understanding of features behavior and physical-chemical data of sediment samples collected on field allow the analysis of efficiency/capability of sandy-muddy to reforestation with local mangrove species for mitigation of the erosive action and coastal processes on the areas occupied by the oil industry / Dada a import?ncia do contexto litor?neo setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, caracterizada por intenso processo de transporte de sedimentos atrav?s de a??o marinha e e?lica que acarreta eros?o e situa??es de instabilidade morfol?gica da linha de costa, ? que foram realizados a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica e o mapeamento multitemporal de bancos arenolamosos como forma de subsidiar as medidas mitigadoras relacionadas ? conten??o dos processos erosivos nos campos petrol?feros de Macau e Serra instalados na ?rea de estudo. Atrav?s de imagens de sensores remotos, foi poss?vel realizar uma analogia entre as respostas espectrais dos bancos areno-lamosos com ?reas vegetadas (manguezal), indicando a possibilidade de se fazer uma reestrutura??o da ?rea, contribuindo assim com o monitoramento ambiental desse ecossistema. As bandas multiespectrais de imagens LANDSAT 5 TM de 2000 e 2008 foram submetidas ? diversas etapas de processamento digital, associadas em composi??es RGB. Dessa forma, a estrat?gia metodol?gica adotada permitiu estabelecer que, para Dezembro/2008, existiam ao menos 10,13 km2 de ?rea de bancos areno-lamosos, sendo que desses cerca de 0,89 Km2 com a viabilidade de ser empregada no reflorestamento, para a implanta??o de flora t?pica de manguezal local. Por meio da interpreta??o visual dos produtos e da an?lise estat?stica da imagem LANDSAT 5 TM de 12/Dezembro de 2008, foi poss?vel destacar a composi??o R (PC5) G (PC3/PC4) B (Banda 5), in?dita na literatura pois integra informa??es das principais componentes com bandas originais, real?ando as diferen?as entre as unidades de paisagem no ambiente costeiro, com destaque para o limites entre por??es arenosas, lamosas, aquelas recobertas por tapetes alg?licos, al?m de delimitar com mais efici?ncia a geometria dos canais de mar? na zona estuarina. Os mapas das diversas unidades, ap?s reambula??o em campo foram integrados em ambiente SIG na escala 1:60.000, incluindo a classifica??o das fei??es em fun??o da presen?a ou aus?ncia de cobertura vegetal. A caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica revelou ?reas com potencialidade para abrigar esp?cies de manguezal local, sendo que os bancos apresentaram caracter?stica granulom?trica com um predom?nio de areias nas fra??es finas; um pH acima da neutralidade com m?dia de 8,4; elevados teores de carbonatos e mat?ria org?nica e; elementos maiores e tra?os apresentaram, de maneira geral, as maiores concentra??es onde prevaleceram os sedimentos de granulometria mais fina, ressaltando a alta correla??o que estes elementos possuem com as part?culas menores do sedimento. A aplica??o desta estrat?gia metodol?gica ? de grande relev?ncia para a melhor compreens?o do comportamento das fei??es alvo do estudo e que, associada com dados f?sico-qu?micos permitem a an?lise da efici?ncia/potencialidade dos bancos ao reflorestamento com esp?cies de manguezais locais para mitiga??o da a??o erosiva dos processos costeiros sobre as ?reas dos campos de produ??o e explora??o de petr?leo instalados na ?rea

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T23:07:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoPivottoNicodemo_TESE.pdf: 9309572 bytes, checksum: e4499385f1149f24b4219e74842610df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-14T00:41:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoPivottoNicodemo_TESE.pdf: 9309572 bytes, checksum: e4499385f1149f24b4219e74842610df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T00:41:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoPivottoNicodemo_TESE.pdf: 9309572 bytes, checksum: e4499385f1149f24b4219e74842610df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-17 / A tessitura da discuss?o contempor?nea acerca da sustentabilidade da ind?stria petrol?fera torna-se cada vez mais not?ria ao passo em que os aspectos ambientais desta atividade apresentam, principalmente em campos petrol?feros situados em terra, um significativo potencial para gera??o de impactos ambientais. Portanto, o objetivo geral da tese foi o de propor uma metodologia de sele??o, adapta??o, valida??o e prioriza??o e sistematiza??o de indicadores de sustentabilidade campos petrol?feros em terra (ISPETRO). Assim, foram definidos os seguintes objetivos espec?ficos, analisar a percep??o dos atores sociais diretamente afetados pela atividade petrol?fera como ferramenta para sele??o participativa de indicadores de sustentabilidade; analisar o posicionamento cient?fico de uma rede de especialistas, mediante a ado??o do m?todo Delphi como ferramenta para sele??o de indicadores de sustentabilidade; propor uma metodologia participativa de sele??o de indicadores de sustentabilidade pautada na rela??o da percep??o dos atores sociais integrada ao parecer cient?fico de uma rede de especialistas; propor a valida??o, prioriza??o e sistematiza??o de um conjunto de indicadores para avalia??o de sustentabilidade de campos petrol?feros em terra. Foram realizadas entrevistas padronizadas ou estruturadas a fim de agregar a percep??o dos moradores dos diferentes campos petrol?feros. Para an?lise dos dados, foi utilizada a an?lise de correspond?ncia que consiste em t?cnica estat?stica multivariada, que fornece ferramentas para analisar a associa??o entre as linhas e colunas de uma tabela de conting?ncia. A an?lise dos dados quantitativos procedeu-se com a t?cnica estat?stica multivaridada de correspond?ncia (AC) atrav?s da constru??o de tabelas de conting?ncia com as determinadas vari?veis descritas, bem como utilizou-se do teste de propor??es multinomiais para a categoriza??o da influ?ncia dos grupos analisados sobre cada indicador. Neste teste s?o avaliadas propor??es par a par nos dois n?veis da tabela de conting?ncia de dados entre as multinomiais. Foi necess?ria a proposi??o de uma metodologia consistente cientificamente e que permitisse o cruzamento da percep??o das comunidades com o posicionamento cient?fico dos especialistas, logo foram estabelecidos e sistematizados os crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o dos indicadores. Ap?s a adapta??o dos indicadores com base na participa??o dos especialistas e da popula??o, procedeu-se ? an?lise de componentes principais (ACP) que ? uma das mais utilizadas an?lises estat?sticas para descrever padr?es de varia??es dos dados em um conjunto multivariado. Foram realizadas duas etapas distintas para a sele??o das vari?veis relevantes para a constru??o dos ?ndices de sustentabilidade dos Campos de Petr?leo e G?s do Rio Grande do Norte: (1) uma ACP inicial foi realizada para inspe??o dos dados de pondera??o do Processo Anal?tico Hier?rquico (AHP) e para indicar quali-quantitativamente quais os indicadores de sustentabilidade adequados para as suas respectivas dimens?es e, (2) a posteriori, ACPs para cada dimens?o, separadamente, para selecionar os indicadores mais relevantes. Foram selecionados 23 indicadores que foram analisados conforme a discrep?ncia informada pelos especialistas quanto ?s dimens?es da sustentabilidade e ficaram reordenados em indicadores da dimens?o econ?mica E1, E2, E12, E13, E17 e S15; indicadores da dimens?o social S4, S5, S14, S17 e, S19; indicadores da dimens?o ambiental E3, A1, A7, A8, A10, A19 e A28; indicadores da dimens?o institucional E19, E20, S20 e A29. Conclui-se que a sustentabilidade pode ser mensurada por um conjunto de indicadores definidos como priorit?rios capazes de indicar a situa??o da sustentabilidade de campos petrol?feros em terra podendo ser acrescentados os indicadores complementares com a finalidade de refinamento da avalia??o. Apontam-se como o estado de sustentabilidade mais favor?vel os campos petrol?feros com menor interface com as comunidades e que n?o apresentaram ?reas de Prote??o Permanente pr?ximas ?s suas instala??es. / The tessitura of the contemporary discussion about the sustainability of the oil industry becomes increasingly evident while at environmental aspects of this activity presents, mainly in oil fields situated on land, a potential significant for the generation of environmental impacts. The general objective of the thesis was to propose a selection methodology, adaptation, validation, prioritization and systematization of sustainability indicators in oil fields on land (ISPETRO). Thus, the following specific objectives were defined, analyze the perception of social actors directly affected by oil activity as a tool for participative selection of sustainability indicators; analyze the scientific positioning of a network of specialists, through the adoption the Delphi method as a tool for selecting sustainability indicators; propose a participatory methodology of selection of sustainability indicators guided in the relation of perception of integrated social actors at scientific opinion from a network of specialists; propose the validation, prioritization and systematization of a set of indicators to evaluate the sustainability of oil fields on land. The methodology it was structured into four parts, for the first hypothesis we used the methodology applied to the communities where it was considered the exploratory and descriptive category as the types of most suitable research. Were conducted standardized or structured interviews in order to aggregate the perception of residents of different oil fields. For data analysis, was performed the correspondence analysis that consists of a multivariate statistical technique which provides tools to analyze the association between rows and columns of a contingency table. The quantitative data analysis proceeded with multivariate statistical technique of correspondence (AC) through the construction of contingency tables with determined variables described, as well as was used the multinomial proportions test for the categorization of the influence of the groups analyzed over each indicator. In this test, are evaluated proportions pairwise in the two levels of data contingency table between the multinomial. To evaluate the qualitative data was performed with the aid of Content Analysis, using the "analytical description which operates according to systematic and objective procedures of message content". Thus, it was necessary the proposal of a consistent methodology scientifically and to allow the crossing of the perception of the communities with scientific positioning of specialists, were thus established and systematized the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of indicators. After the adaptation of the indicators based on the participation of specialists and population, proceeded to the principal component analysis (PCA) which is one of the most used statistical analyzes to describe patterns of variation of the data in a multivariate set. Were performed two distinct stages for the selection of relevant variables for the construction of sustainability indexes of the oil fields and Gas of Rio Grande do Norte: (1) an initial PCA was performed for inspection of data weighting of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and to indicate qualitative and quantitatively which sustainability indicators suitable for their respective dimensions and, (2) a posteriori, PCAs for each dimension, separately, to select the most relevant indicators. Were selected 23 indicators that were analyzed according to the discrepancy informed by specialists about the dimensions of sustainability and were reordered at indicators of economic dimension E1, E2, E12, E13, E17 and S15; indicators of social dimension S4, S5, S14, S17 and S19; indicators of environmental dimension E3, A1, A7, A8, A10, A19 and A28; indicators of institutional dimension E19, E20, S20 and A29. It was concluded that sustainability can be measured by a set of indicators defined as priorities able to indicate the status of sustainability of oil fields on land, can be implemented the complementary indicators to the purpose of refinement of evaluation. Are pointed out as the state of sustainability most favorable the oil fields with smaller interface with communities and who did not have a Permanent Protection Areas near their installations.