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Predicting climate change impacts on precipitation for western North AmericaMcKechnie, Nicole R., University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2005 (has links)
Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to create projections of possible future climate characteristics under global climate change scenarios. Future local and regional precipitation scenarios can be developed by downscaling synoptic CGM data. Daily 500-mb geopotential heights from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis's CGCM2 are used to represent future (2020-2050) synoptics and are compared to daily historical (1960-1990) 500-mb geopotential height reanalysis data. The comparisons are made based on manually classified synoptic patterns identified by Changnon et al. (1993.Mon. Weather Rev. 121:633-647). Multiple linear regression models are used to link the historical synoptic pattern frequencies and precipitation amounts for 372 weather stations across western North America,. The station-specific models are then used to forecast future precipitation amounts per weather station based on synoptic pattern frequencies forecast by the CGCM2 climate change forcing scenario. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation are explored to determine monthly, seasonal and annual trends in climate change impacts on precipitation in western North America. The resulting precipitation scenarios demonstrate a decrease in precipitation from 10 to 30% on an annual basis for much of the south and western regions of the study area. Seasonal forecasts show variations of the same regions with decreases in precipitation and select regions with increases in future precipitation. A major advancement of this analysis was the application of synoptic pattern downscaling to summer precipitation scenarios for western North America. / ix, 209 leaves : col. maps ; 29 cm.
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Immigration Advertising and the Canadian Government's Policy for Prairie Development, 1896 to 1918Detre, Laura A. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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Reclaiming Indian waters : dams, irrigation, and Indian water rights in Western Canada, 1858-1930Matsui, Kenichi 05 1900 (has links)
Indian water rights regarding irrigation agriculture and the construction o f storage and
hydroelectric dams took shape from the 1870s to the 1930s and largely determined
economic activities on and near reserves and reservations in Western Canada and the
American West respectively. Although historians recently have provided extensive studies
of American cases, Indian water rights issues in Western Canada have gained scant
attention. The present study focuses on this neglected part of the history placing particular
emphasis on the interactive roles Native peoples, government officials, agricultural
businesses, hydroelectric developers and homesteaders played in "reclaiming" aboriginal
landscapes for irrigation and water storage or hydroelectric dam projects. I explore the
jurisdictional debates over water rights that these projects generated.
Recognizing the importance of inter-provincial and international contexts, the
thesis examines the extent to which American reclamation laws and practices influenced
Canadian policymakers, bureaucrats, and technocrats. It also focuses particular attention
on the development of water laws and policies in British Columbia and Alberta to identify
similarities and differences that subsequently affected Native peoples. I accomplish this by
providing four case studies. I note that the differences between these two provinces with
respect to the development of Indian water rights were particularly significant before 1930.
A key reason was that the federal government held title to Crown lands in Alberta until the
latter date, whereas British Columbia entered confederation holding that title.
My dissertation demonstrates that the idea of Indian water rights emerged in the
late-nineteenth-century from political and legal philosophies and practices of colonialism that attempted to transform the "primitive" Native populations into the mold of yeoman
farmers. It was also shaped by modifications of the common law that sought to address the
needs of industrialists, miners, and settlers who developed the semi-arid and arid North
American west. The water rights regime that emerged was based on a perception o f this
resource that was very different from the holistic one held by indigenous populations. I
note that as the Native peoples increasingly relied on the agricultural economy in the early
twentieth century, and as the competition with neighboring settlers for water intensified,
the question o f the extent to which the Native peoples were entitled to water became the
subject of serious political and legal wrangling. Native peoples demonstrated that they had
a strong desire to maintain control over water at a local level by actively carrying out
irrigation projects, protecting their own reclamation works from the obstruction of settlers,
fighting against the construction of storage dams by neighboring ranchers, and by
successfully negotiating the terms of agreements for surrendering reserve lands to facilitate
on-reserve hydro-electric projects. My thesis closes with a reflection about how these
historical events help us understand contemporary Indian water claims. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate
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Blueprint defiance of manifest destiny: anti-Americanism and anti-republicanism in Canada West, 1858-1867Kendall, John Charles. January 1969 (has links)
Note:
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The layout of the land : the Canadian Pacific Railway's photographic advertising and the travels of Frank Randall Clarke, 1920-1929Becker, Anne Lynn January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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The layout of the land : the Canadian Pacific Railway's photographic advertising and the travels of Frank Randall Clarke, 1920-1929Becker, Anne Lynn January 2005 (has links)
This thesis examines the role of photography in making the Canadian Pacific Railway company (CPR) an integral part of Canadian mythology. It focuses on the company's photographic advertising in the 1920s, and the ways in which its increasingly nationalistic transcontinental brochures framed the country, and equated the act of travelling with nation-building and national identity. / The CPR's tourist brochures established a visual vocabulary of the travelling experience, which was readily employed by individuals such as Montreal journalist Frank Randall Clarke. Clarke was sponsored by the CPR to travel across the country in the summer of 1929. His journalistic writing and personal photograph album allow for a rich analysis of the visual culture of the period, and they will be used to illustrate the ways in which the CPR represented Canadian progress, immigration, and tourism.
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Canadian art and cultural appropriation : Emily Carr and the 1927 exhibition of Canadian West Coast Art - Native and ModernMorrison, Ann Katherine, 1929- January 1991 (has links)
In December 1927, Emily Carr's paintings were shown for the first time in central Canada in an exhibition called Canadian West Coast Art - Native and Modern. This event was held at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, and marked a major turning point in Carr's career, for it brought her acceptance by the intellectual and artistic elite with their powerful networks of influence, as well as national acclaim in the public press. To this point, art historical writings have tended to focus on the artist and her own experiences, and in the process, the importance of this experimental exhibition in which her work was included has been overlooked and marginalized.
This thesis attempts to redress this imbalance by examining the exhibition in detail: first, to analyze the complexities of its ideological premises and the cultural implications of juxtaposing, for the first time in Canada, aboriginal and non-native artistic production within an art gallery setting; second, to consider the roles played by the two curators, Eric Brown, Director of the National Gallery, and C. Marius Barbeau, chief ethnologist at the National Museum; and third, to indicate the ways in which Emily Carr's works and those of the other non-native artists functioned within the exhibition.
During the 1920s, both the National Gallery and the National Museum were caught up in the competitive dynamic of asserting their leadership positions in the cause of Canadian nationalism and the development of a national cultural identity. In this 1927 exhibition, these issues of nationalism, self-definition and the development of a distinctly "Canadian" art permeated its organization and presentation. The appropriated aboriginal cultural material in the museum collections that had languished within storage cases was to be given a contemporary function. It was to be redeemed as "art," specifically as a "primitive" stage in the teleological development of the constructed field of "Canadian" art history. In this elision process, the curators relegated the native culture to a prehistoric and early historic past, suppressing its own parallel historical and cultural development.
The exhibition also presented the native objects as an available source of decorative design motifs to be exploited by non-native artists, designers and industrial firms in their production of Canadian products, underlining the assumption of the right to control and manipulate the culture of the colonized "Other."
Emily Carr"s twenty-six paintings, four hooked rugs and decorated pottery represented the largest contribution from any single artist. In their interpretations of the native culture, Carr and the other non-native artists were also engaged in a "self-other" definition, and had filtered their perceptions through the practices and conventions of western art traditions, especially in the use of modernist techniques. In the context of the exhibition, the artistic production by the fourteen non-native artists, including Carr, was caught up in a reaffirmation of the ideological and cultural positions of the two curators and the institutions they represented. The alternate discourses that could have been provided by the native people remained unheard. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate
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Exploring cross-cultural planning literacy : knowledge considerations for planning with First NationsCook, R. Jeffrey 11 1900 (has links)
Under debate is how 'outside' planners can best work with different cultures to ensure inclusion
and participation. It is evident why in general planners need to expand their understanding of
different cultures if they are to work with them effectively and appropriately, but not enough
empirical research has been undertaken on what planners find they need to know in the specific
context of working with First Nations.
On the basis of a literature review and the author's own extensive experience with First Nations,
seven areas of knowledge (themes) were identified as likely to be relevant to outside planners
working with First Nations. These seven knowledge themes guided interviews with nine
planners who were asked which of these kinds of knowledge they found useful when working
with First Nations in western and northern Canada, and Alaska, particularly when facilitating
participatory planning.
The first six identified themes concern knowledge of First Nations' value and traditional
knowledge systems; authority relations; social organization; communication processes;
participation processes; and capacity for planning. The seventh theme is knowledge about
effective methods that planners can employ to facilitate participatory relationships with First
Nations communities and individuals.
The findings from the interviews add to our understanding of what outside planners need to
consider when they work with First Nations. The findings are particularly instructive in the theme
areas of First Nations' communication and participation processes, and in the area of planner
practice. It was also found that while the seven areas of knowledge are relevant to planners at
all stages of working with First Nations, they are particularly important when planners and First
Nations begin their planning relationship, when planners first enter a community, and when
planners are helping communities to develop their planning processes.
Research is now needed on what First Nations' individuals themselves think planners should
know if they are to be effective in promoting culturally appropriate, inclusive, and participatory
planning in First Nations settings.
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The language and literacy practices of English-Chinese bilingual students in Western CanadaSun, Miao Unknown Date
No description available.
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Exploring cross-cultural planning literacy : knowledge considerations for planning with First NationsCook, R. Jeffrey 11 1900 (has links)
Under debate is how 'outside' planners can best work with different cultures to ensure inclusion
and participation. It is evident why in general planners need to expand their understanding of
different cultures if they are to work with them effectively and appropriately, but not enough
empirical research has been undertaken on what planners find they need to know in the specific
context of working with First Nations.
On the basis of a literature review and the author's own extensive experience with First Nations,
seven areas of knowledge (themes) were identified as likely to be relevant to outside planners
working with First Nations. These seven knowledge themes guided interviews with nine
planners who were asked which of these kinds of knowledge they found useful when working
with First Nations in western and northern Canada, and Alaska, particularly when facilitating
participatory planning.
The first six identified themes concern knowledge of First Nations' value and traditional
knowledge systems; authority relations; social organization; communication processes;
participation processes; and capacity for planning. The seventh theme is knowledge about
effective methods that planners can employ to facilitate participatory relationships with First
Nations communities and individuals.
The findings from the interviews add to our understanding of what outside planners need to
consider when they work with First Nations. The findings are particularly instructive in the theme
areas of First Nations' communication and participation processes, and in the area of planner
practice. It was also found that while the seven areas of knowledge are relevant to planners at
all stages of working with First Nations, they are particularly important when planners and First
Nations begin their planning relationship, when planners first enter a community, and when
planners are helping communities to develop their planning processes.
Research is now needed on what First Nations' individuals themselves think planners should
know if they are to be effective in promoting culturally appropriate, inclusive, and participatory
planning in First Nations settings. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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