Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer in men and affecting hundreds of thousands of men worldwide. The early detection of PCa have been proven to be advantageous for more efficient treatment against PCa. However, the conventional screening methods towards PCa are lack of selectivity and sensitivity, which leading to high false positive rate and overdiagnosis of PCa. The objective of this study is to (1) identify more sensitive and accurate diagnostic biomarkers towards PCa; (2) followed by developing new chemosensor towards the newly found biomarkers. In the first part of this study, based on the previously findings on urinary spermine as useful biomarker for PCa, a more comprehensive study on urinary polyamine levels was carried out and the important role of urinary spermine as biomarker for PCa detection was consolidated. In the second part of this work, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) towards the target analyte of urinary spermine was prepared for the capturing and extraction of spermine. The specific adsorption and selectivity towards spermine of the MIP were discussed and reported. In the third part of this study, a rapid detection method of spermine was developed via the use of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active molecules. The presence of spermine would cause aggregation of this chemosensor for a "turn-on" detection of spermine under ultra-violet (UV) excitation, which would be useful in PCa diagnosis in the future.