Report (Ed. D.)--Teachers College. / Issued also on microfilm. Includes bibliographical references.

Report (Ed. D.)--Teachers College. / Issued also on microfilm. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1993. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Roger A. Myers. Dissertation Committee: Winthrop R. Adkins. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-99).

No description available.

An array of electronically-switched circular patch antennas is designed for breast tissue imaging for the purposes of cancer screening. Each array element is connected to a dedicated heterodyne radio, which performs amplification and downconversion to a single, low intermediate frequency for improved signal recovery. Data acquisition is accomplished with a VNA-based architecture. Details of the design are provided and are accompanied by simulated and experimental data. A receiver sensitivity of at least -120 dBm is expected, and an imaging sensor switching dynamic range between ON and OFF states of at least 127 dB is demonstrated based on experimental measurements. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

No description available.

Taiwanese lesbians have been found to utilize screening tests for breast cancer at lower rates when compared to women in general in Taiwan. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the factors which influence Taiwanese lesbians' breast healthcare behaviour and intentions. A two-phase sequential exploratory mixed-methods study was employed to explore the factors influencing Taiwanese lesbians' breast healthcare behaviour and intentions, including semi-structured interviews and an online survey. Taiwanese women aged 20 years or above and who self-identified themselves as lesbians or as partnered with the same gender were targeted and recruited, using purposive and snowball sampling. Thirty-seven semi-structured interviews were conducted initially. According to the interview findings and two existing health psychology models (the health belief model and the theory of reasoned action), a questionnaire was developed and an online questionnaire survey was undertaken with a larger population. A total of 284 women completed the online survey. The findings showed that the lesbians' breast healthcare behaviour and intentions were directly or indirectly affected by their gender identity, gender role expression, patient-provider interaction and partners' support. In addition, it was also found that the lesbians may share similar views about breast cancer and breast cancer screenings, self-efficacy and cues to action with women in general in Taiwan. Some of these factors had an important effect on the lesbians' breast healthcare behaviour and/or intentions, in particular the perceived barriers to performing and/or having breast cancer screenings, the perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, self-efficacy and cues to action. Based on the PhD findings and social-ecological model, four levels of recommendations were proposed in order to encourage Taiwanese lesbians' utilization of breast cancer screenings and to promote their breast health.

Breast cancer is the most feared and common female malignancy in the world. About one in ten women in South Africa will be diagnosed during her lifetime with this disease. The outcome of breast cancer treatment is dependent on early detection and swift subsequent management. A lack of research exists in South Africa about diagnostic and treatment delay factors. A situational analysis is currently underway to improve the breast cancer service in the country. Even less is known about the delays in rural health care. This study examined the delay during the diagnosis and treatment of breast lumps in the Theewaterskloof (TWK) sub district in the Western Cape. The results were compared to Worcester hospital, the secondary referral centre of this district. Three hundred and twenty (322) patients from Caledon hospital and surrounding clinics in the TWK and 322 randomly selected patients from Worcester hospital surgical clinic, who presented during 2007-2010, were retrospectively studied. The mean breast lump diagnostic period at TWK was 45 days versus 16 days at Worcester. Breast cancer diagnostic times were 38 days and 19 days respectively. More alarming was the difference in breast surgery delay of 173 days versus 16 days at TWK Worcester hospital respectively. These time periods were compared to the tertiary institutions in the Western Cape and with international guidelines. Cytological adequacy i.e. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy between the institutions are also reported. In conclusion it is suggested that regular training in FNA is required to improve the cytological adequacy at TWK. Long delay in surgical waiting periods can be addressed by referring TWK breast cancer patients to Worcester hospital after diagnosis.

Cancer cells, unlike normal tissue, frequently rely on glycolysis for the production of energy and the metabolic intermediates required for their growth regardless of cellular oxygenation levels. This metabolic reconfiguration, termed the Warburg effect, provides a potential strategy to preferentially target tumours from a therapeutic perspective. The present study sought to investigate the glycolytic phenotype of breast and ovarian cancer, and assess the possibility of exploiting several glycolytic targets therapeutically. Initially the growth dependency of breast and ovarian cancer cells on the availability of glucose was established. An array of 10 compounds reported to inhibit key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway were investigated and compared against an extended panel of breast and ovarian cancer cell line models. All inhibitors investigated, targeted against multiple points of the pathway, were shown to block the glycolytic pathway as demonstrated by glucose accumulation in the culture media combined with decreased lactate secretion, and attenuated breast and ovarian cancer cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore their mechanism of action was investigated by flow cytometric analysis and their antiproliferative effect was associated with induction of apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The glycolytic inhibitors were further assessed in combination strategies with established chemotherapeutic and targeted agents and several synergistic interactions, characterised by low combination index values, were revealed. Among them, 3PO (a novel PFKFB3 inhibitor) enhanced the effect of cisplatin in both platinum sensitive and platinum resistant ovarian cancer cells suggesting a strategy for treatment of platinum resistant disease. Furthermore robust synergy was identified between IOM-1190 (a novel GLUT1 inhibitor) and metformin, an antidiabetic inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in strong inhibition of breast cancer cell growth. This combination is proposed for the treatment of highly aggressive triple negative breast tumours. An additional objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the oxygen level on sensitivity to glycolysis inhibition. Breast cancer cells were found to be more sensitive to glycolysis inhibition in high oxygen conditions. This enhanced resistance at low oxygen levels was associated with upregulation of the targeted glycolytic enzymes as demonstrated at both the mRNA (by gene expression microarray profiling, Illumina BeadArrays) and protein level (by Western blotting). Manipulation of LDHA (Lactate Dehydrogenase A) by siRNA knockdown provided further evidence that downregulation of this target was sufficient to significantly suppress breast cancer cell proliferation. Finally, the expression of selected glycolytic targets was examined in a clinical tissue microarray set of a large cohort of ovarian tumours using quantitative immunofluorescence technology, AQUA. The role of the glycolytic phenotype in ovarian cancer was suggested and interesting associations between the glycolytic profile and clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers revealed. Increased PKM2 (Pyruvate kinase isozyme M2) and LDHA expression were demonstrated in clear cell tumours and also low expression of these enzymes was significantly correlated with improved survival of endometrioid ovarian cancer patients. Taken together the findings of this study support the glycolytic pathway as a legitimate target for further investigation in breast and ovarian cancer treatment.