No description available.

Causal modeling techniques were utilized to examine a theoretically induced coping model of resources, uncertainty and coping responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of five independent resource variables which included psychological resources, socio-community resources, marital role resources, parenting role resources and physical resources, and the influence of one situational variable, ambiguity, on the selection of differing coping decision responses, that is, minimizing stress behaviors, buffering situation behaviors and mobilizing infusion behaviors. The theoretical relationships of the constructs of resources, uncertainty and coping decisions were derived from the literature on coping, decisions under ambiguity and from a previous inductive study conducted with cancer patients by the investigator. The sample(s) selected for this study were patients previously treated for Stage I or II breast cancer and who were currently in remission within Pima County, Arizona, were of caucasian race and under 70 years of age. The sample was selected from patients treated or monitored from the Arizona Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiation-Oncology and Department of Hematology-Oncology and Kino Community Outpatient Cancer Clinic. Data was collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire conducted in the subject's home and lasting approximately one hour. The data were analyzed by examining (1) the demographic characteristics, (2) correlations among the independent variables, (3) tests for causal assumptions, and (4) regression analysis of the theory model predictions. The evidence supports the original axiom that differential resources, namely, psychological, social and physical, account for an individual's differential selection of coping responses. Specifically, this study found that strong marital resources and a sense of mastery over the environment seems to deter the use of buffering behaviors; strong parenting role resources, physical resources and a self-denigrating attitude of one's self deter the use of mobilizing infusion behaviors. Specification errors included the probable dual dimensionality of the minimizing the mobilizing coping scales. Contributing variables that are absent in the model may include: social resource of occupation, disease and treatment staging, nature of the physician-patient relationship and the amount of accessible information and risk perceived in the situation. Measurement errors included the new reliability of the mastery scale, possible instrumentation error with the physical distress scale, and less than adequate scalability with the minimizing stress scale and mobilizing infusions scale, though these last two measurement errors could also be considered as misspecified variables. A multistaged empirical model of coping was generated from the findings of this study and will serve as the basis of further theory testing. An additional resource variable includes occupational role. Disease stage directly impacts the second stage of the coping model, uncertainty, which is expanded to include information and risk factors along with ambiguity. Coping responses in the third stage includes an additional category, taking direct action. The final stage of the model depicts the outcome of coping efficacy measured by increased psychological resources and reduced ambiguity.

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

No description available.

Prior research shows a wealth of investigation into the variables contributing to psychosocial adjustment to cancer. However, the literature consistently calls for more complex investigation of the contributing factors. This investigation attempted to clarify and expand the adjustment literature in two primary areas. First, the study investigated the relationships between the variables suspected of predicting adjustment to cancer, such as socidemographic, social support, and gender-related personality variables. Second, the study determined the differential influence that the traits of agency, communion, and the unmitigated constructs had on adjustment to cancer, compared to sex. The investigator used two statistical approaches to identify the differential importance: hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). Using SEM, the investigator tested three models to determine which variables had direct and indirect effects on adjustment.The study used a sample of 417 (238 used in final analyses) early stage (0, I, and II) male and female cancer patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2000. The patients completed mail surveys assessing their social support, gender-related personality characteristics, and adjustment to cancer. Results from bivariate correaltional analyses found that being male, having less functional social support, experiencing more problematic support encounters, and possessing unmitigated agentic traits contributed to more maladjustment. In contrast, the results revealed that possessing communion traits related to less maladjustment.Results from the regression analysis also supported that the unmitigated agentic and communal traits contributed significantly to the variance in maladjustment. When determining strength of associations, less social support from family, more informationfrom friends, and being male more strongly predicted the likelihood of maladjustment. However, findings also suggested that being on medical leave and possessing either traits of unmitigated agency or communion contributed to maladjustment to cancer.Finally, while structural models exhibited less than adequate fit, the significant paths within the models supported many of the proposed relationships. Overall, the findings supported the multifactorial nature of maladjustment, such that sex, social support, and personality traits all emerged as significant predictors. The study concluded with a discussion on improving model fit and directions for future research. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

No description available.