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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Identification d’un nouveau partenaire de LRP1 : CD44, le récepteur de l’acide hyaluronique / Identification of a new partner for LRP1 : CD44, the hyaluronan receptor

Perrot, Gwen 03 April 2012 (has links)
LRP1 est un récepteur d’endocytose multifonctionnel capable non seulement d’interagir avec de nombreux ligands et de réguler leur endocytose, mais également de moduler certaines voies de signalisation intracellulaire. Ce récepteur se révèle implique dans de nombreux mécanismes physiologiques et pathologiques, comme l’athérosclérose, la maladie d’Alzheimer ou encore le cancer. La multiplicité de ses partenaires fait émerger le concept selon lequel LRP1 est capable de réguler le protéome membranaire et ainsi d’influencer le comportement migratoire de nombreuses cellules. De plus, les résultats récents obtenus au sein de notre laboratoire indiquent que ce récepteur d’endocytose est capable de contrôler la dynamique d’adhérence des cellules tumorales. Nous avons donc cherche à identifier un nouveau partenaire membranaire de LRP1, capable de participer à la régulation de l’adhérence tumorale. Notre étude s’est portée sur le récepteur d’adhérence CD44. L’utilisation de RAP, un antagoniste de LRP1 révèle que ce récepteur d’endocytose module la présence de CD44 à la membrane plasmique. Nous avons également découvert que ces deux récepteurs colocalisent fortement dans la cellule tumorale, que ce soit à la surface cellulaire ou au niveau intracellulaire. De plus LRP1 et CD44 co-immunoprécipitent à partir d’extraits totaux et membranaires, indiquant que ces deux récepteurs sont fortement associés au sein d’un même complexe moléculaire. L’étude de la répartition membranaire du complexe LRP1/CD44 a montré qu’il était en grande partie situé dans les radeaux lipidiques et particulièrement les cavéoles. Toutefois ces structures n’apparaissent pas nécessaires à l’établissement du complexe et ne sont pas impliquées dans les processus d’endocytose relatifs à ces récepteurs. En effet, des expérimentations visant à quantifier l’endocytose de CD44 couplées à différents traitements (β-MCD, conditions hyperosmotiques) révèlent que l’endocytose de ce complexe implique principalement la voie des vésicules tapissées de clathrine. Nous avons également démontré que ce mécanisme dynamique permettait de réguler l’adhérence tumorale. Enfin, des travaux sur le shedding de CD44 ont permis d’identifier les protéases impliquées (MT1MMP, ADAMs 10 et 17) et mettent en évidence un effet protecteur de LRP1 sur le clivage de l’ectodomaine de CD44. / The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP-1) is a large endocytic recept or mediating the clearance of various molecules from the extracellular matrix. In the field of cancer, LRP1-metiated endocytosis was first associated to anti-properties. However, recent results suggested that LRP-1 may coordinate the adhesion-deadhesion balance in malignant cells to support tumor progression. Here, we observed that LRP-1-silencing or RAP (receptor-associated protein) treatment led to tumor cell surface accumulation of CD44. Moreover, we evidenced a tight interaction between CD44 and LRP-1, not exclusively localized in lipid rafts. Overexpression of LRP-1-derived mini-receptors indicated that the fourth ligand-binding cluster of LRP-1 is required to bind CD44. CD44 labeling with EEA1 and LAMP-1 showed that internalized CD44 was highly reduced under hyperosmotic conditions but poorly affected by membrane cholesterol depletion, revealing that it proceeds mostly via clathrin-coated pits. Finally, we demonstrated that CD44-silencing abolishes RAP-induced tumor cell attachment, revealing that cell-surface accumulation of CD44 under LRP-1 blockade is mainly responsible for the stimulation for tumor cell adhesion. Altogether, our data shed light on the LRP-1 mediated internalization of CD44 that appeared critical to define the adhesive properties of tumor cells.
2

The impact of high protein-high red meat vs high carbohydrate weight loss diets on genome stability and biomarkers of colorectal cancer risk in overweight men.

Benassi, Bianca Jane January 2008 (has links)
It has been suggested that high protein diets are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to the higher content of red meat. However, the study of the overall dietary and lifestyle pattern may prove more important than any individual component when assessing colorectal cancer risk. From this, it is proposed that a dietary pattern used for weight loss that is higher in protein but remains low in fat and high in foods rich in fibre and micronutrients that are required for genome stability may not increase the risk of colorectal cancer, thus providing a safe and effective dietary method of weight loss in overweight subjects. This thesis describes the development of a novel in vitro faecal water genotoxicity test using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay in the WIL2-NS cell line. This thesis then investigates faecal water genotoxicity and peripheral blood lymphocyte genome stability in overweight men following a weight loss dietary pattern either high in protein, specifically red meat, or high in carbohydrate. Results from this thesis indicate that the genotoxic potential of faecal water can be successfully assessed in vitro using the CBMN cytome assay. A high protein-high red meat weight loss diet did not increase faecal water genotoxicity or peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA damage, measured with the CBMN cytome assay, differently to a high carbohydrate weight loss diet. Faecal water genotoxicity data suggests weight loss and/or caloric restriction following either a high protein or high carbohydrate diet may beneficially modify the carcinogenic load of the colon in the short term, however this needs to be validated in a study that includes a non-weight loss control group. A lack of relationship was seen between faecal water genotoxicity and genome damage in lymphocytes which may suggest that the assessment of both the genome damage potential of the bowel contents and the assessment of the genome stability profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes may be important in comprehensively assessing the impact on genome damage by different dietary patterns. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1316889 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2008

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