It is known from the literature that conventional voltage and current transformers measure inaccurate values for voltage and current harmonics which are parts of power quality. Maximum bandwidth of conventional current transformers, which are used in electricity transmission and distribution systems, is 1.5-2 kHz and it is lower for conventional voltage transformers. Also, it is known that / voltages in some frequency spectrum are measured higher and voltages in another frequency spectrum are measured lower by the conventional voltage transformers. Furthermore, because of the phase shift of fundamental component caused by the conventional current and voltage transformers, losses and efficiency can not be calculated accurately. In this work, through the simultaneous measurements taken at the same feeder by both conventional transformers and new technology measurement transformers / amplitude and phase shift errors which are caused by conventional transformers depending on frequency and so harmonics, are examined and evaluated. Amplitude coefficients and phase shifts are determined for different types of conventional transformers to be able to calibrate measurement deviation. Through this work, measured data by conventional transformers will be accurate and realistic in terms of harmonic components. This matter is important to determine whether the accurate limits which will be set in the future possibly concerning with harmonics and interharmonics, are surpassed or not / also for punitive sanction.

Le transformateur de puissance est un équipement essentiel d’un réseau électrique et le plus coûteux dans les postes. Pour augmenter son degré de disponibilité et de fiabilité, il est nécessaire d’appliquer la manœuvre contrôlée afin de diminuer la saturation du noyau lors de l’enclenchement, et donc limiter les courants d’appel. Ces derniers sont asymétriques, d’amplitude élevée, et riches en harmoniques. Ils peuvent causer des effets indésirables comme le disfonctionnement des dispositifs de protections, l’endommagement mécanique des enroulements du transformateur et réduire en général la durée de vie et la qualité des systèmes. Une technique efficace pour réduire ces courants d’appel est de mettre sous tension le transformateur quand le flux dynamique généré par la source est égal à son flux rémanent. Un modèle simplifié du transformateur de puissance est adopté pour l’analyse des phénomènes physiques liés à l’application des manœuvres. Pour évaluer le degré de faisabilité de cette technique, des simulations sont effectuées en utilisant le simulateur de réseau EMTP. Les contraintes requises pour chacun des composants du système de manœuvre contrôlée comme les segments de ligne, les disjoncteurs sont étudiées en détail pour déterminer l’algorithme de calcul de l’instant optimal de manœuvres. Ensuite des tests de validation statistiques sont effectués afin d’évaluer les performances des différentes approches employées. Enfin une étude consacrée à la reconstitution du flux rémanent via un transformateur capacitif de tension (TCT) est menée pour appliquer l’algorithme de manœuvre contrôlée dans les postes en utilisant les équipements de mesure déjà existants. / Power transformers are vital equipment in electrical networks and are the most expensive ones in substations. In order to increase their availability and reliability, controlled switching must be applied for reducing cores saturation during its energization, called “inrush currents”. These inrush currents are asymmetrical, high-magnitude, harmonic-rich, and may cause many undesirable effects such as maloperation of protective relays and fuse, mechanical damage to the transformer winding and generally reduce the lifetime and quality of power systems. An efficient technique to reduce these inrush currents is to energize the transformer when the dynamic flux generated by the source is equal to its residual flux. A simplified model is adopted to analyze the physical phenomena related to the switching applications. In order to assess the feasibility of this technique, numerous simulations have been performed using EMTP simulator. The critical requirements for each component of the controlled switching system such as pieces of line, circuit breakers have been studied in detail in order to determine the best switching instant calculation algorithm. Then statistical validation tests have been conducted to evaluate the performances of its different approaches. Finally a study dedicated to the reconstitution of residual flux using a capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) has been carried on in order to apply the controlled switching algorithm in substations using their existing measurement equipments.