Farm size economies size measure the relationship between the size of operation and the average cost of production. Along with increasing farm size, the average cost of production per unit may decline. One reason farms have been growing in size is that larger sized farms tend to have more recent and advanced machines capable of covering more land with less labor. However, it is still questionable how farm size affects on input costs and field operation costs in Saskatchewan. The major objective of this study was to examine the issues related to size economies in larger crop farms in Saskatchewan. The project has taken a different approach than is traditionally done in economies of size research where various forms of statistical data are analyzed. <p>First, the study analyzed several different operating and investment costs to see whether they are decreasing or staying the same as a result of increasing farm size. Next the study determined the probabilities of available field workdays using conditional probability equations derived from the Markov Chain method. The analysis was carried out for the West central and East central Saskatchewan regions to determine spring and fall field workability. Based on the field workdays estimation, the optimal area of combine for larger farms were analysed using a least-cost machinery size approach. The last part of this study analysed farm operational costs per unit for larger crop farms in order to determine how machinery efficiency and farm size have an effect on the farm production costs. <p>The study found that however there were certain combine costs that increase with farm size in Saskatchewan. In addition, soil types, weather conditions and field efficiency can strongly affect combine cost per acre. <p>The results of this research provide a reference for policy makers in designing policy recommendations. In addition, the results may offer useful information for farmers in designing management plans to control farm operation costs.

Wind power is the most mature green energy source in electric power systems and is now a booming worldwide industry. The use of wind power is growing rapidly throughout the world to reduce environmental degradation. Due to global environmental concerns and public awareness, many power utilities around the world are considering wind energy as a substitute for conventional generation. Many governments already have energy plans and policies in place to ensure significantincrease in power generation using wind energy within designated time periods. The wind is variable, site specific and is an intermittent source of energy. It is therefore a complex task to analyze generating system capacity adequacy considering wind energy. The growing application of wind power dictates the need to develop methods to evaluate the system reliability and the capacity value of wind power. Wind is generally considered to be a source of energy, rather than a power source. It is equally important however, to consider the capacity credit of wind power as its penetration increases in electric power systems. It is very important for both electric power utilities and wind power developers to accurately assess wind capacity credit and therefore it is necessary to study and develop different methodologies for performing this task. The research presented in this thesis examines a range of methods used for the evaluation of wind capacity credit using data from four wind sites in Saskatchewan. The techniques, methods and results presented in this thesis should prove to be valuable for system planners assessing generating capacity adequacy evaluation incorporating wind energy.

Farm size economies size measure the relationship between the size of operation and the average cost of production. Along with increasing farm size, the average cost of production per unit may decline. One reason farms have been growing in size is that larger sized farms tend to have more recent and advanced machines capable of covering more land with less labor. However, it is still questionable how farm size affects on input costs and field operation costs in Saskatchewan. The major objective of this study was to examine the issues related to size economies in larger crop farms in Saskatchewan. The project has taken a different approach than is traditionally done in economies of size research where various forms of statistical data are analyzed. <p>First, the study analyzed several different operating and investment costs to see whether they are decreasing or staying the same as a result of increasing farm size. Next the study determined the probabilities of available field workdays using conditional probability equations derived from the Markov Chain method. The analysis was carried out for the West central and East central Saskatchewan regions to determine spring and fall field workability. Based on the field workdays estimation, the optimal area of combine for larger farms were analysed using a least-cost machinery size approach. The last part of this study analysed farm operational costs per unit for larger crop farms in order to determine how machinery efficiency and farm size have an effect on the farm production costs. <p>The study found that however there were certain combine costs that increase with farm size in Saskatchewan. In addition, soil types, weather conditions and field efficiency can strongly affect combine cost per acre. <p>The results of this research provide a reference for policy makers in designing policy recommendations. In addition, the results may offer useful information for farmers in designing management plans to control farm operation costs.

Wind power is the most mature green energy source in electric power systems and is now a booming worldwide industry. The use of wind power is growing rapidly throughout the world to reduce environmental degradation. Due to global environmental concerns and public awareness, many power utilities around the world are considering wind energy as a substitute for conventional generation. Many governments already have energy plans and policies in place to ensure significantincrease in power generation using wind energy within designated time periods. The wind is variable, site specific and is an intermittent source of energy. It is therefore a complex task to analyze generating system capacity adequacy considering wind energy. The growing application of wind power dictates the need to develop methods to evaluate the system reliability and the capacity value of wind power. Wind is generally considered to be a source of energy, rather than a power source. It is equally important however, to consider the capacity credit of wind power as its penetration increases in electric power systems. It is very important for both electric power utilities and wind power developers to accurately assess wind capacity credit and therefore it is necessary to study and develop different methodologies for performing this task. The research presented in this thesis examines a range of methods used for the evaluation of wind capacity credit using data from four wind sites in Saskatchewan. The techniques, methods and results presented in this thesis should prove to be valuable for system planners assessing generating capacity adequacy evaluation incorporating wind energy.

Wireless systems of today face the dual challenge of both supporting large traffic flows and providing reliable quality of service to different delay-sensitive applications. For such applications, it is essential to derive meaningful performance measures such as queue-length distribution and packet loss probability, while providing service guarantees. The concepts of effective bandwidth and effective capacity offer a powerful cross-layer approach that provides suitable performance metrics for the bandwidth and capacity of wireless channels supporting delay-sensitive traffic. Many wireless systems rely on multihop forwarding to reach destinations outside the direct range of the source. This work extends part of the methodology available for the design of wireless systems to the multihop paradigm. It describes the analysis of a communication system with two hops using this cross-layer approach. A framework is developed to study the interplay between the allocation of physical resources across the wireless hops and overall service quality as defined by a queueing criterion based on large deviations. Decoupling techniques introduce simple ways of analyzing the queues independently. Numerical analysis helps identify fundamental performance limits for Rayleigh block fading wireless channel models with independent and identically distributed blocks. Simulation studies present comparable results akin to that obtained using the analytical framework. These results suggest that it is imperative to account for queueing aspects while analyzing delay-sensitive wireless communication systems.

The primary goal of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding, in thecontext of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework, of the role of inventories and capacity utilization (of both capital and labor) and, in particular, therelationship among them. These are variables which have long been recognized asplaying an important role in the business cycle. An analysis of the association between inventories and capital utilization seems natural, for physical capital could beseen as a stock ultimately destined to be transformed into an inventory of finishedgoods. In the same way, inventories could be seen as a stock of physical capital already transformed into finished goods. Introducing variable rates of utilization ofcapacity, then both can be seen as providing a short-run adjustment "buffer stock"mechanism.The analysis of the relationship between those variables is centered on the effectsof two possible shocks: preference (demand) shocks and technology shocks. Impulse-response experiments show that inventories and the rate of capital utilization aremostly complements, while inventories and the rate of labor utilization are mostlysubstitutes. Moreover, low-persistence shocks emphasize the role of inventories asbeing a "shock absorber", whereas high-persistence shocks emphasize the role of inventories as being a complement to consumption. Consistent with the stylized facts inthe literature, simulation results show that inventory holdings are pro-cyclical, while the inventory-to-sales ratio is counter-cyclical.Two additional "themes" are explored. The first has to do with the treatmentof uncertainty and the consequences of using, as it is done in most of the literature, afirst-order approximation. By approximating the decision rules to a second order, weobserve that higher exogenous uncertainty enhances the importance of the precautionary motive to holding inventories. The second additional theme is a more generalframework for the analysis of capital utilization. We find that the two most commonways of modeling capital utilization can t in a more general specification that incorporates spending on capital maintenance. Though the aforementioned results do notvary qualitatively after that concept is introduced, quantitative answers do.

The profit of semiconductor industry became slight while the industry is mature today, new competitors enter this market with these strategies such as low price, join venture, committed capacity to build up the good relationship of customers in order to acquire order. How do the IC foundries use their competitive advantage to keep growth when they face the forceful competitors? The IC foundries should focus on the development of advance technology, capacity expansion, and keep proper capacity utilization to increase revenue and growth. At the same time, they also need to keep good customer services on production cycle and on time delivery. The study is to discuss the past history, current status, and future developed trend for global semiconductor industry and IC foundry first. Then uses the performance of operation and capacity utilization to do the relative data analysis. Finally, refer the Five-Forces Framework, Diamond Structure, Value Chain, and Dynamic Strategy to find out the competitive advantage of IC foundries, also provide the best proper model of capacity utilization to create the maximum value for customers.

Digital watermarking technology is a potential future technology, which uses to protect copyright. Traditional digital watermarking is usually suffered from the limited information capacity and imperceptibility deficiency. In this research, we present the method to increase the capacity of the traditional watermarking techniques, which can be used broadly in present digital watermarking techniques by using the relation between the information in the cover-media. We use two kinds of digital watermarking techniques to analysis. The experiment result show that the proposed method can increase the capacity of embedding information without involves significant quality degradation in cover-media.

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Zugl.: Diss.