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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la protéine de capside et de la protéine de mouvement du Grapevine fanleaf virus / Functional characterization of coat protein and movement protein of Grapevine fanleaf virus

Belval, Lorène 29 March 2016 (has links)
Le Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) est le principal agent de la maladie du court-noué de la vigne. Sa protéine de capside (CP) permet la formation des virions indispensables à la protection du génome viral, au mouvement de cellule à cellule au sein de tubules formés par la protéine de mouvement (MP) du virus, et à la transmission du GFLV par son nématode vecteur Xiphinema index. Principaux résultats : 1. un motif exposé à la surface de la CP dont la nature est critique pour transmission du GFLV par X. index a été identifié et pourrait constituer un déterminant de la spécificité de transmission. 2. Des tubules fluorescents ont été produits de façon constitutive in planta. Ils permettent de complémenter en trans un GFLV dépourvu de MP. 3. L’expression transitoire de la CP conduit à la production de pseudo-particules. Celles-ci sont modifiables à façon et font de la capside du GFLV une plateforme biotechnologique unique. De plus, c’est un puissant outil pour étudier la biologie du virus. / Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is the main agent of grapevine fanleaf degeneration disease. Its coat protein (CP) self-assembles in virions necessary for viral genome protection, for cell-to-cell movement using tubules formed by the movement protein (MP) of the virus, and for the transmission of GFLV by its nematode vector Xiphinema index.Main results: 1. An outer surface-exposed CP motif has been identified as critical for GFLV transmission by X. index and could be a determinant of transmission specificity. 2. Fluorescent tubules have been produced by constitutive expression in planta. They allow the complementation in trans of a GFLV deleted of its MP coding sequence. 3. Transient expression of the GFLV CP leads to the production of virus-like particles. They can be easily modified and show that GFLV capsid is a unique biotechnology platform. In addition, they are a powerful tool to study the biology of the virus.
62

Human antibody responses to hantavirus recombinant proteins & development of diagnostic methods

Elgh, Fredrik January 1996 (has links)
Rodent-borne hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae) cause two distinct human infections; hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). HFRS is a common viral zoonosis, characterized by fever, renal dysfunction and hemostatic imbalance. Four HFRS-associated hantaviruses have been described: Hantaan virus and Seoul virus mainly found in Asia, Dobrava virus, encountered in the Balkan region and Puumala virus (PUU), causing mild HFRS (nephropathia epidemica; NE) in Europe. HPS, recently discovered in the Americas, involves adult respiratory distress syndrome with a high mortality rate and is caused by Sin Nombre virus. Hantaviruses are enveloped and carry a RNA genome which encodes a polymerase, two glycoproteins and a nucleocapsid protein. The latter elicits a strong humoral immune response in infected patients. The clinical diagnosis of hantavirus infections has until recently relied on serological confirmation by immunofluorescense assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using cell culture derived viral antigens. Due to the hazardous nature of hantaviruses and variable virus yield in cell culture we aimed at using recombinant hantavirus proteins for serological purposes. We expressed PUU N in E. coli (PUU rN) and found that high levels of IgM to this protein could be detected at onset of NE. This indicated that it was useful as the sole antigen for serodiagnosis. Our finding was confirmed by comparing IFA and PUU rN ELISA using 618 sera collected at the regional diagnostic laboratory. Full-length PUU rN is difficult to purify due to aggregation to E. coli remnants. We therefore located the important domain for the humoral immune response by utilizing truncated PUU rN proteins to its amino-terminal region (amino acid 7-94). Amino acid 1-117 of N of the five major human hantavirus pathogens were produced in E. coli. Serological assays based on them could detect IgM and IgG serum responses in 380 HFRS and HPS patients from Sweden, Finland, Slovenia, China, Korea and the USA with high sensitivity. In an epidemiological investigation of hantavirus serum responses in European Russia we unexpectedly found antibody responses to the hantaviruses found in east Asia and the Balkan region in 1.5 %, speaking in favour for the presence of such virus in this region. The degree of cross reactivity within the hantavirus genus was adressed by following the serum responses in NE patients. We found an increase of cross reactivity during the maturation of the immune response from onset of disease up to three years by comparing the IgG reactivity towards the hantavirus aminoterminal rN proteins. The first human isolate of the causative agent of NE in Scandinavia was recovered in cell culture from phytohemagglutinin stimulated leukocytes. Serological analysis revealed that this virus belongs to the PUU hantavirus serotype, distinct from the rodent prototype PUU Sotkamo. The human PUU Umeå is unique but genetically similar to rodent isolates from northern Sweden. / digitalisering@umu.se
63

Molecular Characterization Of Capsid Protein And Nuclear Inclusion Protein Of Pepper Vein Banding Virus

Roy, Anindya 12 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
64

Import nucléaire de la capside du virus de l’hépatite B et libération du génome viral / Nuclear Import of the Hepatitis B virus and release of the viral genome

Delaleau, Mildred 09 December 2011 (has links)
Le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB) est un virus du foie qui cause 1 à 2 millions de morts chaque année. Approximativement 400 millions d’individus sont infectés chroniquement. Le VHB est un virus enveloppé et comprend un génome ADN de ~3.2 kbp au sein d’une capside icosaédrique. La capside est formée de 240 copies d’une protéine unique appelée Core ou protéine de la capside. Durant l’infection, la capside est importée dans le noyau pour libérer le génome viral. L’import est facilité au travers du complexe du pore nucléaire (NPC) en utilisant des récepteurs de transport nucléaire. Des biopsies réalisées sur des patients infectés par le VHB ont montrées que les capsides nucléaires sont issues de l’entrée nucléaire mais aussi de protéines Core nouvellement traduites.Ce travail analyse l’import nucléaire de la capside du VHB et la libération du génome viral. Nous avons montré que les imports des protéines Core et de la capside suivent des systèmes d’import différents. Il a été démontré à partir de tests d’import nucléaire basés sur des cellules perméabilisées par la digitonine que les capsides utilisent l’hétérodimère des importines α et β. Cette découverte est en accord avec de précédentes observations qui ont également démontrées l’exposition de NLS à la surface de la capside, sur lequel s’attache l’importine α. Des expériences de contrôle utilisant le GST-NLS ont permis de démontrer que la fixation du NLS sur l’importine nécessite une interaction avec l’importine  pour la stabilisation du complex de l’import. En analysant l’import nucléaire de la protéine Core non assemblée, nous avons pu observer un import basé uniquement sur l’interaction avec l’importine β, ce qui implique que la protéine Core présente un domaine IBB et non un NLS. Le transport a travers le NPC se termine par l’arrivée des capsides dans le panier nucléaire, qui est une structure en cage, du côté nucléaire. En accord avec la littérature, nous avons observé une liaison de l’importine β sur le domaine C-terminal de la Nup153. L’ajout de RanGTP, qui dissocie les complexes d’import, ne dissocie pas l’importine β de ce domaine, ce qui permet d’émettre l’hypothèse qu’un autre domaine de la Nup153 est impliqué. Contrairement aux autres cargos, la capside du VHB est stoppée dans le panier nucléaire par sont interaction avec la Nup153. Puisque le domaine de liaison de l’importine β chevauche celui de la capside, l’importine β doit se dissocier de la Nup153. L’interaction capside-Nup153 est supposée déstabiliser la capside et permettre la libération du génome viral dans le noyau et la diffusion des protéines Core en supériorité numérique par rapport à la Nup153.En conséquence, les capsides montrent une instabilité, comme nous l’avons démontré par chromatographie d’exclusion de taille, révélant non seulement la capside mais aussi ses intermédiaires d’association/dissociation. Ces expériences sont limitées aux capsides recombinantes car elles nécessitent une grande quantité d’échantillons. Dans le but de confirmer l’instabilité des autres capsides (matures et immatures), nous avons analysé l’accessibilité des acides nucléiques encapsidés pour la nucléase S7. Les résultats ont confirmé une dissociation in vitro partielle pour toutes les capsides, mais avec une cinétique lente, ce qui n’est pas cohérent avec la réaction in vivo. En analysant l’impact de la Nup153 sur cette accessibilité, nous observons qu’un facteur nucléaire supplémentaire, présent du moins dans les cellules hépatiques, accélère la cinétique de dissociation. / The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus which causes 1 to 2 million of death every year. Approximately 400 million individuals are chronically infected. HBV is enveloped and comprises a DNA genome of ~3.2 kbp within an icosaedral capsid. The capsid is formed by 240 copies of one single protein species termed core or capsid protein. During the infection, the capsid is imported to the nucleus in order to release the viral genome. The import is facilitated through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) using nuclear transport receptors. Biopsies of HBV-infected patients show nuclear capsids, which are derived from nuclear entry of the capsid but also from nuclear import of progeny core proteins.This work investigates the nuclear import of the HBV capsid and the release of the viral genome. We showed that the imports of core protein and capsid follow different pathways. Capsids were shown to use the heterodimer of importin α and β for nuclear import as it was demonstrated by nuclear import essay, based on digitonin-permeabilised cells. This finding is consistent with earlier observations, which also demonstrated the exposure of NLS on the capsid surface, to which importin  attaches. Control experiments using GST-NLS demonstrated that binding of the NLS to importin  required interaction with importin  for stabilization of the import complex. Analysing the nuclear import of the unassembled core protein we observed an import based on interaction with only importin β implying that the core protein expose an importin -binding domain rather than an NLS.The transport through the NPC is terminated with the arrival of a cargo capsid in the nuclear basket, which is a cage like structure at the nuclear side of the NPC. Consistent with the literature we observed an attachment of importin  to the C terminal domain of Nup153. Addition of RanGTP, which dissociates import complexes, did not dissociate importin  from this domain, which led to the hypothesis that other Nup153 domains are involved. In contrast to other karyophilic cargos HBV capsids become arrested within the nuclear basket by capsid-Nup153 interaction. As the binding site of importin overlaps with the binding site of the capsid such importin -Nup153 interaction has to be dissociated. The subsequent capsid-Nup153 interaction was thought to destabilize the capsid allowing liberation of the viral genome into the nuclear and the diffusion of core proteins, supernumerous with regard to the Nup153 molecules, deeper into the nucleus. Accordingly, capsids show an imminent instability as we demonstrated by separation of capsids using size exclusion chromatography revealing not only capsids but assembly/disassembly intermediates. These experiments were limited to recombinant, E. coli-expressed due to the high amounts needed. To confirm the instability of other capsids e.g. genome-containing ones, we analyzed the accessibility of the capsid enclosed nucleic acids to the S7 nuclease. The results confirmed partial dissociation in vitro similar for all capsids but with a slow kinetic, which is not coherent with the in vivo reaction. Investigating the impact of Nup153 we observed that an additional nuclear factor, present in at least hepatoma cells accelerates the dissociation kinetic.
65

Maturation de la capside du bactériophage T5 : étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine de décoration pb10 / Maturation of the bacteriophage T5 capsid : structural and functional study of the decoration protein pb10

Vernhes, Emeline 30 November 2016 (has links)
Le bactériophage T5, qui infecte la bactérie Escherichia coli, est constitué d’une capside icosaédrique renfermant un ADN double brin et d’une queue permettant le transfert de son ADN dans le cytoplasme de la cellule hôte. Au cours de la morphogénèse, la capside et la queue sont assemblées séparément puis connectées pour former les particules infectieuses. La capside de T5 est d'abord assemblée sous forme d'une procapside vide constituée de 775 copies d’une protéine unique qui s'organise en hexamères et pentamères pour former respectivement les faces et les sommets de l’icosaèdre. Un des sommets est occupé par la protéine portale qui constitue un pore d’entrée pour l’ADN. L’encapsidation du génome à travers le canal portal, assurée par un moteur moléculaire, provoque l’expansion de la procapside. La capside pleine d'ADN est ensuite décorée par la protéine pb10 qui se fixe sur sa surface externe, au centre des 120 hexamères, et elle est fermée par la protéine p144 qui constitue le point d'ancrage pour la queue.Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient de déterminer la structure, la fonction et le mécanisme de fixation à la capside des deux protéines pb10 et p144. J’ai produit et purifié la protéine de fermeture p144 dont la structure et les caractéristiques de fixation sur la capside seront prochainement étudiées. J’ai résolu la structure de la protéine de décoration pb10 en solution par résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN), ce qui a révélé une protéine formée de deux domaines. Le domaine N-terminal structuré en hélices alpha se fixe à la capside, alors que le domaine C-terminal, de type immunoglobuline, est exposé au solvant. La détermination des constantes cinétiques d'association et de dissociation par résonance plasmonique de surface (SPR) a permis de montrer que pb10 se fixe sur la capside de T5 de manière quasi-irréversible, avec une affinité de l’ordre du picomolaire. Des expériences de mutagenèse dirigée sur le domaine de fixation de pb10 indiquent que cette forte affinité repose sur un réseau d’interactions électrostatiques et hydrophobes. J’ai démontré que pb10 participe à la stabilisation de la capside de T5 par des techniques de calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC) et thermo-fluorescence (FTSA). Par ailleurs, j'ai démontré qu’il était possible de fusionner des protéines de grande taille au domaine C-terminal de pb10 sans affecter sa haute affinité pour la capside. J’ai ainsi pu fonctionnaliser des capsides avec une protéine d’intérêt fusionnée à pb10. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie vers diverses applications, dont la présentation d’antigènes en vue de créer de nouveaux vaccins. / Bacteriophage T5, a lytic phage which infects the bacterium Escherichia coli, is composed of an icosahedral capsid containing a double stranded DNA and a tail responsible for DNA transfer into the host cell cytoplasm. The capsid and the tail are assembled separately and then connected to form infectious viruses. The T5 capsid is first assembled as an empty procapsid composed of 775 copies of the major head protein organized in hexamers on the faces and pentamers on the vertices of the icosahedron. A single vertex is occupied by the portal protein which forms an entry channel for DNA. DNA is packaged through the portal channel by a molecular motor thus triggering procapsid expansion. The DNA-filled capsid is then decorated by the protein pb10 which binds on the outer surface in the center of each hexamer, and closed by the connector protein p144 needed for tail attachment.The goals of my PhD were to characterize the structure, function and mechanisms of capsid binding of both pb10 and p144 proteins. I have produced and purified the head completion protein p144 for future exploration of its structure and capsid binding properties. I have solved the solution structure of the decoration protein pb10 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thus unravelling that pb10 has two domains. The alpha-helical N-terminal domain binds to the capsid and the immunoglobulin-like C-terminal domain is exposed to the environment. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that that pb10 attachment to the T5 capsid is quasi-irreversible with a picomolar affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis of the binding domain of pb10 suggested that the decoration mechanism is driven by both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence thermal shift assays (FTSA) demonstrated the role of the decoration protein in capsid stabilization. I have also demonstrated that a large protein can be fused to the C-terminal end of pb10 without affecting its high affinity for the T5 capsid. Capsids can thus be functionalized with a protein of interest fused to pb10. Possible applications of this work include antigen presentation for new vaccines.
66

Role kapsidového proteinu virové hepatitidy B v hostitelském ubikvitin-proteazomovém systému / The role of Hepatitis B virus capsid protein in the host ubiquitin proteasome pathway

Eliáš, Vratislav January 2018 (has links)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a Hepadnaviridae virus infecting mammals. Its infection can result in an acute or chronic infection. Chronic infection can result in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis, potentially leading to death of the patient. HBV is a small 42 nm virus with a genome length of 3.2 kb encoding seven viral proteins. HBV Core protein (HBc) is a capsid forming protein which is pleiotropic in function. We have identified two ubiquitin ligases which could interact with this protein: F-box only protein 3 (FBXO3; E3 ubiquitin ligase) and Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 O (UBE2O; E2/E3 ubiquitin ligase). By employing multiple methods we have confirmed these interactions. Co- immunoprecipitation and further western blot analysis unveiled multiple new insights into the ligases′ impact on HBc: FBXO3-mediated HBc polyubiquitination stimulation and UBE2O-mediated HBc monoubiquitination promotion. FBXO3's and UBE2O's role in HBV life cycle was investigated as well. By silencing the expression of FBXO3 and UBE2O respectively, we have observed changes in HBV replication levels: FBXO3 serves as an inhibitor of HBV replication, while UBE2O stimulates the course of HBV life cycle. Further investigation of these newly-discovered understandings may lead to a whole new HBV - host interplay...
67

Conformational changes of polyomavirus during cell entry

Dolatshahi, Marjan. January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
68

THE INVESTIGATION ON THE SELF-ASSEMBLY DRIVING FORCE OF HBV CAPSID PROTEIN

Liu, Qiao, Liu 08 June 2018 (has links)
No description available.
69

Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase-Capsid Interaction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1: Implications for the Priming of Reverse Transcription and Therapeutic Development

Dewan, Varun 17 July 2012 (has links)
No description available.
70

Foamy Virus Budding and Release

Hütter, Sylvia, Zurnic, Irena, Lindemann, Dirk 28 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Like all other viruses, a successful egress of functional particles from infected cells is a prerequisite for foamy virus (FV) spread within the host. The budding process of FVs involves steps, which are shared by other retroviruses, such as interaction of the capsid protein with components of cellular vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) machinery via late domains identified in some FV capsid proteins. Additionally, there are features of the FV budding strategy quite unique to the spumaretroviruses. This includes secretion of non-infectious subviral particles and a strict dependence on capsid-glycoprotein interaction for release of infectious virions from the cells. Virus-like particle release is not possible since FV capsid proteins lack a membrane-targeting signal. It is noteworthy that in experimental systems, the important capsid-glycoprotein interaction could be bypassed by fusing heterologous membrane-targeting signals to the capsid protein, thus enabling glycoprotein-independent egress. Aside from that, other systems have been developed to enable envelopment of FV capsids by heterologous Env proteins. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge on FV budding, the viral components and their domains involved as well as alternative and artificial ways to promote budding of FV particle structures, a feature important for alteration of target tissue tropism of FV-based gene transfer systems.

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