Research data indicates a persistence of elevated muscle glycogen concentration 3 days post-supercompensation in resting athletes. This study expands our earlier findings by determining whether muscle glycogen remains elevated 3, 5, or 7 days post-supercompensation. Seventeen trained male cyclists underwent one bout of exhaustive exercise to deplete muscle glycogen. This was followed by a 3-day consumption of a high carbohydrate/low protein/low fat diet (85:08:07%). Three post-loading phases followed with subjects randomly assigned to either a 3-day, 5-day, or 7-day post-loading maintenance diet of 60% carbohydrate and limited physical activity. Biopsies (50-150 mg) of the vastus lateralis were obtained pre-load (BASELINE), at peak-load (PEAK), and either at 3-day, 5-day, or 7-day post-load (POST). On average, PEAK to POST muscle glycogen concentrations decreased 34, 20 and 46% respectively for the 3-, 5-, and 7-day POST groups. Only the 7-day post-load group's PEAK to POST mean muscle glycogen concentration decreased significantly. In addition, multi-regression analysis indicated that the PEAK glycogen level was the main determinant of the number of days that glycogen levels remained significantly greater than BASELINE. Thus, trained athletes-supercompensated glycogen levels can remain higher than normal for up to 5 days post-loading. The amount of carbohydrate consumed, the level of physical activity, and the magnitude of the glycogen supercompensation determine the interval for which the glycogen levels are elevated.

Att kolhydratuppladda är att fylla kroppens muskler med energi, vilken används för att patienten ska klara av kroppens stressrespons i samband med fasta och operation. Kliniskt får patienten dricka näringsdryck innan operation för att kolhydratuppladda. Inför ett kirurgiskt ingrepp genomgår patienten en förändring i vardagen, lämnar hemmet och kommer till en ovan miljö. Att patienten genomgår fasta och upplever en ny situation påverkar patientens välbefinnande negativt, med både hunger, törst och oro och så vidare. I denna litteraturstudie kommer tio artiklar att granskas för att undersöka, effekterna få en preoperativ kolhydratuppladdning fokus i studien ligger på omvårdnad och välbefinnande men den tar även upp effekter som inte är direkt relaterade till omvårdnadsämnet men knyter an till vården. Studien visar, att under rätt förutsättningar hjälper en preoperativ kolhydratuppladdning att minska till exempel preoperativ törst, hunger och oro. Andra positiva effekter som kan ses i studien är mindre postoperativa kräkningar och bättre bibehållen muskelfunktion. Studien är upplagd i tre olika resultatområden primära resultat, sekundära resultat och tertiära resultat. De olika resultatområdena tar upp olika resultat med olika mycket anknytning till omvårdnad. / A carbohydrate-load is essential to charge the muscles of the body with energy so that the patient will be able to withstand the stress-responses of the body due to fasting and operation. This is clinically facilitated by having the patient ingest a nutritional drink in order to load up on carbohydrates. Preparing for a surgical procedure is a significant change of routine for the patient as he/she leaves its usual environment for an unfamiliar one. Having the patient go through fasting and experience a new situation, will affect the patient’s well-being negatively due to hunger, thirst and mental discomfort etc. Ten articles will be included in this literary study in order to study the effects of a pre-operative carbohydrate load. Focus will be put on the care and well-being of the patient, but also effects that are not directly related to nursing sciences, but in patient care in general. The study will show that under the right circumstances a pre-operative carbohydrate build up will reduce pre-operative thirst, hunger, and discomfort. Other beneficial effects learned from the case study are less post-operative vomiting, and improvement in sustained muscle functions. The results from the case study are presented in the categories of primary, secondary and tertiary results, which will be presented with varying relevance to nursing sciences.