Integrated sequence stratigraphy and geochemistry has significantly improved our knowledge of the formation and distribution of early and late diagenetic products in North American Mississippian carbonates. Deposition of the Madison Limestone occurred in concert with a major perturbation to the global C-pool, the timing of which was constrained by comparing secular variations in the delta13C values from the Madison Limestone with limited biostratigraphy. These early constraints were then improved by peak matching of 87Sr/86Sr values from this study with European brachiopod 87Sr/86Sr. The secular variations in the delta13C values were then applied as a chronostratigraphic tool to outcrops and subsurface core. As a result, our sequence stratigraphic interpretations and knowledge regarding lateral facies variability in carbonate rocks is significantly improved. Geographic variability in the magnitude of the delta13C values is also documented along the dip-transects which suggests that marine waters experienced increasing restriction in a landward direction. These results show how local changes to the C-pool are controlled by the morphology of the depositional system which can significantly affect the original signal of the global carbon pool. The geographic variability in the delta13C and delta18O values from reservoir quality dolomites along the mid-to-upper Madison ramp suggest they also precipitated from a restricted water mass with increased salinity, temperature and alkalinity which in turn, were responsible for the distribution of massive quantities of strataform dolomite deposited during the continental transgression at the beginning of the Mississippian. Trace element and 87Sr/86Sr values from strataform dolomite suggest initial formation from Mississippian seawater and slight resetting during shallow burial diagenesis. Petrography indicates that the formation of this dolomite ceased in the shallow burial environment, between the Mississippian and Permian. These dolomites are cross-cut by comparatively small volumes of geothermal-hydrothermal dolomite associated with Laramide-age breccias and fractures. Tectonic-hydrothermal activity associated with the Laramide Orogeny was responsible for late stage calcite cemented fractures and breccias which cross-cut all carbonate rocks discussed in this thesis. Radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr, depleted delta18O and enriched delta13C values and the hottest fluid inclusions measured in this study suggest the late stage calcite formed in the hydrothermal environment and under the most open-system and water-dominated conditions. Tectonic-diagenesis is ultimately responsible for establishing vertical barriers in the otherwise porous and permeable strataform dolomites.

Cette étude transdisciplinaire incluant sédimentologie, stratigraphie séquentielle, chimiostratigraphie, et géochimie organique et inorganique, examine la série carbonatée du Jurassique moyen-supérieur dans la chaîne du sud-ouest Gissar. Cette série représente l’affleurement le plus complet de la marge nord du Bassin d’Amu-Darya, une province gazière majeure d’Asie Centrale. La production de carbonates commence au début du Callovien, lors d’un ralentissement de la subsidence tectonique régionale associé à un réchauffement climatique. Un changement majeur dans la production carbonatée et la configuration de la plate-forme est enregistré à la fin du Callovien. Ce changement se caractérise par le passage (i) d’une rampe carbonatée avec un gradient proximal-distal bien contrasté du Callovien à (ii) un lagon à faciès péritidaux probablement protégé par des récifs de grande dimension à l’Oxfordien. La surface stratigraphique séparant ces deux séquences est interprétée comme une surface d'émersion régionale, enregistrant une chute du niveau marin entraînée par la tectonique et le climat. Durant la partie terminale de l’Oxfordien moyen, un ou plusieurs bassins intrashelfs sont localisés au sud-ouest de la plate-forme carbonatée. Des carbonates fins nodulaires ou laminés se déposent dans des eaux stratifiées, légèrement hypersalées et anoxiques à dysoxiques, où des tapis microbiens produisent de la matière organique et des carbonates. Ces faciès enregistrent l’initiation de la restriction du Bassin d’Amu Darya, qui se poursuit avec la progradation d’une sabkha et le dépôt de séries anhydritiques et salifères. La comparaison des séries sédimentaires met en évidence des évènements stratigraphiques communs entre le sud-ouest Gissar et les autres bassins des marges nord téthysienne et sud téthysienne : initiation de la plate-forme carbonatée, excursions isotopiques du carbone, âge et mode de formation des roches mères organiques (etc.), impliquant des contrôles climatiques et/ou tectoniques à grande échelle. L’étude pétrographique et géochimique de la diagenèse des carbonates révèle une paragenèse complexe. Certains faciès sont influencés par la fabrique sédimentaire lors de la diagenèse précoce. La succession des phases diagénétiques est reliée à la stratigraphie et à la subsidence des carbonates. Après leur dépôt, les sédiments de la série du Kugitang ont été enfouis à plus de 2 km de profondeur. Des phases liées à des fluides chauds et possiblement à la réduction thermochimique des sulfates se mettent en place durant la Mésogenèse. Finalement, les données stratigraphiques à haute résolution obtenues sur les affleurements du sud-ouest Gissar sont utilisées pour aider à la prédiction de la répartition des réservoirs d’hydrocarbures en subsurface du Bassin d’Amu-Darya. / This transdisciplinary study including sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and organic and inorganic geochemistry examines the Middle-Upper Jurassic carbonates series located in the southwestern Gissar range. These carbonates, also known as the Kugitang series, represent the most complete outcrop of the northern margin of the Amu-Darya Basin, a gas-producing province of Central Asia. Carbonate production begins in the late Early Callovian during a regional slowing of the tectonic subsidence, coeval with a climate warming. A major change in the carbonate production and platform configuration is recorded at the end of the Callovian: (i) a carbonate ramp with a well-contrasted proximal-distal gradient develops during the Lower to Middle or Upper Callovian. It is overlain by (ii) a vast low energy lagoon dominated by peritidal facies, probably protected by large reefs, during the Lower and Middle Oxfordian. The stratigraphic surface separating the two depositional sequences is associated with a hiatus (Upper Callovian-Lower Oxfordian) and interpreted as a regional exposure surface recording a sea-level drop caused by tectonics and/or climate. During the Middle Oxfordian, one or several intrashelf basins develop southwestwards of the studied carbonate platform. Laminated and nodular carbonates rich in organic matter predominate in these basins. They are interpreted to have formed through the mineralization of microbial mats colonizing the stratified, slightly hypersaline, anoxic to dysoxic basin floor. Large scale reefs may have favored the isolation of these basins. These deposits record the initiation of the tectonic isolation of the Amu Darya Basin, which culminates with the progradation of a large-scale sabkha and the deposition of a thick anhydrite and salt series. The comparison of stratigraphic series highlights common events in several basins of the northern Tethyan margin, but also with the Arabian Plate: initiation of the carbonate platform, carbon isotope excursions, age and depositional conditions of organic-matter rich rocks, etc. The petrography and geochemistry of carbonates reveal a complex diagenetic history. Some facies are strongly controlled by the sedimentary fabric. The diagenetic succession is tentatively linked with the stratigraphy and the subsidence history. Following deposition, the Kugitang series was buried at more than 2 km. Some cements are interpreted to have formed through the circulation of hot fluids in the rocks during the mesogenesis and possibly due to thermochemical sulfate reduction, especially in the Callovian Sequence. Finally, the high-resolution stratigraphy established in this study is used to help improving the prediction of carbonate reservoirs in the subsurface Amu Darya Basin.