Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2001. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-69). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

Tesis--Buenos Aires. / At head of title: Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Reprinted from vol. 39 of Anales del Museo Argentino des Ciencias Naturales. "Bibliografía": p. 120-123.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D., Natural Resources)--University of Idaho, June 2007. / Major professor: Edward O. Garton. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by subscription or by purchasing the individual file.

Tesis--Buenos Aires. / At head of title: Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Reprinted from vol. 39 of Anales del Museo Argentino des Ciencias Naturales. "Bibliografía": p. 120-123.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Zoology, Ecology, Evolutional Biology, and Behavior, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 8, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-129). Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2004. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 30, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-55).

The Mustelinae (weasels, stoats, minks, and ferrets) are a subfamily of small, elongate-bodied mustelid carnivorans (Carnivora: Mustelidae) that originated during the Late Miocene. Mustelines are the most abundant group of carnivorans in the world today and are commonly found at Pleistocene-aged sites across their range; however, their lack of a more complete fossil record has left many questions regarding the evolution of early mustelines unanswered. Here we report a new occurrence of a musteline from the Early Pliocene age (4.9 – 4.5 Ma) Gray Fossil Site in northeastern Tennessee. Morphology of the P4 and M1 are consistent with the dental characteristics of Mustelinae, and thus this find represents the first reported pre-Pleistocene occurrence of a musteline in the eastern United States. Morphology of the specimens is distinct from the well-known Miocene ischyrictine mustelid Plionictis, but falls within the range of variation observed within the extant genera Mustela and Neovison. Linear measurements also fall within the size ranges of those genera. Distinguishing Mustela from Neovison based on morphological characters alone is very difficult and recent phylogenetic studies differentiating the two have been based exclusively on genetic evidence. Further study will hopefully allow us to place a confident identification on the musteline from Gray. The small, hypercarnivore niche of mustelines is one that was previously not recognized among fauna at the Gray Fossil Site, and improves our understanding of the site’s paleoecology.

The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is the largest living terrestrial member of the Mustelidae; a versatile predator formerly distributed throughout boreal regions of North America and Eurasia. Though commonly recovered from Pleistocene sites across their range, pre- Pleistocene records of the genus are exceedingly rare. Here, we describe a new species of Gulo from the Gray Fossil Site in Tennessee. Based on biostratigraphy, a revised estimate of the age of the Gray Fossil Site is Early Pliocene, near the Hemphillian-Blancan transition, between 4.9 and 4.5 Ma. This represents the earliest known occurrence of a wolverine, more than one million years earlier than any other record. The new species of wolverine described here shares similarities with previously described species of Gulo, and with early fishers (Pekania). As the earliest records of both Gulo and Pekania are known from North America, this suggests the genus may have evolved in North America and dispersed to Eurasia later in the Pliocene. Both fauna and flora at the Gray Fossil Site are characteristic of warm/humid climates, which suggests wolverines may have become `cold-adapted' relatively recently. Finally, detailed comparison indicates Plesiogulo, which has often been suggested to be ancestral to Gulo, is not likely closely related to gulonines, and instead may represent convergence on a similar niche.