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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Projeto de um robô cartesiano com acionamento pneumático

Oliveira, Marcelo Frasson de January 2007 (has links)
A grande maioria dos robôs industriais disponíveis no mercado é de alto desempenho, principalmente com relação à precisão de posicionamento. Este aspecto é um dos fatores que mais influencia no seu preço final, levando em consideração toda a complexa cadeia de elementos que fazem com que o robô opere corretamente, desde os motores e componentes mecânicos, passando pela arquitetura e sistemas de controle até o sistema de programação. Tendo isto em vista, este trabalho visa projetar um robô industrial com preço mais acessível, adequado para o uso em processos industriais que não necessitem altos níveis de precisão. Para a redução de custos de fabricação e de componentes do robô, este trabalho viabiliza o uso de atuadores pneumáticos lineares como fonte motriz, pois os mesmos são relativamente baratos, leves, não poluentes, de fácil montagem e operação, além de apresentarem uma boa relação peso/potência. Para tanto, foi implementado uma estratégia de controle por modos deslizantes com objetivo de superar as dificuldades impostas pelo comportamento não-linear dos componentes pneumáticos. Com relação à redução de custos de programação e operação do robô, desenvolveu-se um ambiente de programação off-line, através de softwares de auxilio à manufatura e de engenharia usualmente encontrados em ambientes industriais. A estratégia fundamental neste trabalho, foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de projeto própria, concebida especificamente para a aplicação em projetos de robôs industriais, com os atributos de facilidade de execução e modularidade das fases envolvidas. A qual, no presente trabalho, apresenta o desenvolvimento de um robô cartesiano com três graus de liberdade acionado por atuadores pneumáticos lineares. / The great majority of industrial robots available in the market have high performance, especially relative to position accuracy. This aspect is one of the factors that most influence its final price, taking into account all complicated web elements that makes the robot operates in the correct form, since the actuators and the constructive part, passing by the architecture and control systems until the system of programming. According to these, the present work aims to project an industrial robot with more accessible costs, adequate to use in industrial process that not require high level of accuracy. For the reduction of manufacture and components costs of the robot, this work make viable to use of pneumatic actuators like a motive source, because are relatively cheap, light, not pollutants, easy assembly and operation, besides presenting a good relation weight/power. For such purpose, the strategy of control was implemented by sliding mode control for the objective to surpass the difficulties imposed by the non-linear behavior of the pneumatic components. About the reduction of programming and operation costs of the robot, an off-line programming environment was developed through manufacturing aided software and a software of engineering both usually found in industrial environments. The basic strategy in this work, was the development of an own methodology of project, conceived specifically for the application in projects of industrial robots, with the attributes of easiness of execution and modularization of the wrapped phases. That methodology, in the present work, presents the development of a Cartesian robot with three degrees of freedom actuated by pneumatic servo drive.
2

Projeto de um robô cartesiano com acionamento pneumático

Oliveira, Marcelo Frasson de January 2007 (has links)
A grande maioria dos robôs industriais disponíveis no mercado é de alto desempenho, principalmente com relação à precisão de posicionamento. Este aspecto é um dos fatores que mais influencia no seu preço final, levando em consideração toda a complexa cadeia de elementos que fazem com que o robô opere corretamente, desde os motores e componentes mecânicos, passando pela arquitetura e sistemas de controle até o sistema de programação. Tendo isto em vista, este trabalho visa projetar um robô industrial com preço mais acessível, adequado para o uso em processos industriais que não necessitem altos níveis de precisão. Para a redução de custos de fabricação e de componentes do robô, este trabalho viabiliza o uso de atuadores pneumáticos lineares como fonte motriz, pois os mesmos são relativamente baratos, leves, não poluentes, de fácil montagem e operação, além de apresentarem uma boa relação peso/potência. Para tanto, foi implementado uma estratégia de controle por modos deslizantes com objetivo de superar as dificuldades impostas pelo comportamento não-linear dos componentes pneumáticos. Com relação à redução de custos de programação e operação do robô, desenvolveu-se um ambiente de programação off-line, através de softwares de auxilio à manufatura e de engenharia usualmente encontrados em ambientes industriais. A estratégia fundamental neste trabalho, foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de projeto própria, concebida especificamente para a aplicação em projetos de robôs industriais, com os atributos de facilidade de execução e modularidade das fases envolvidas. A qual, no presente trabalho, apresenta o desenvolvimento de um robô cartesiano com três graus de liberdade acionado por atuadores pneumáticos lineares. / The great majority of industrial robots available in the market have high performance, especially relative to position accuracy. This aspect is one of the factors that most influence its final price, taking into account all complicated web elements that makes the robot operates in the correct form, since the actuators and the constructive part, passing by the architecture and control systems until the system of programming. According to these, the present work aims to project an industrial robot with more accessible costs, adequate to use in industrial process that not require high level of accuracy. For the reduction of manufacture and components costs of the robot, this work make viable to use of pneumatic actuators like a motive source, because are relatively cheap, light, not pollutants, easy assembly and operation, besides presenting a good relation weight/power. For such purpose, the strategy of control was implemented by sliding mode control for the objective to surpass the difficulties imposed by the non-linear behavior of the pneumatic components. About the reduction of programming and operation costs of the robot, an off-line programming environment was developed through manufacturing aided software and a software of engineering both usually found in industrial environments. The basic strategy in this work, was the development of an own methodology of project, conceived specifically for the application in projects of industrial robots, with the attributes of easiness of execution and modularization of the wrapped phases. That methodology, in the present work, presents the development of a Cartesian robot with three degrees of freedom actuated by pneumatic servo drive.
3

Low cost multifunctional irrigator robot (RIRRIG) for family farm / Robà irrigador multifuncional de baixo custo para agricultura familiar (RIRRIG)

Alan VinÃcius de AraÃjo Batista 25 January 2016 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Family farming is an important generator of employment, income and food for the country, despite having a smaller area for its development, family farming has an important participation in national agricultural production and, the high cost of the agricultural mechanization, these farmers excluded from the agricultural mechanization process. Faced with such exclusion, use the evolution of technology systems most widely applied, such as Robotics, can meet effectively the needs for labor of farmers, and the trend is that the various sectors of agriculture which today are held by conventional way, be replaced by standalone devices. The objective of this work is to develop a robotic device (RIRRIG), able to interact in a three-dimensional plane, with a system of actuators, sensors and controllers in order to carry out irrigation in greenhouses. Provided with computer intelligence, the robot performs individual irrigation of plants in greenhouses, based on the reference evapotranspiration, leading to the terminal plant tool, which in turn, applies in each pot a given blade. Made the field data collection and analyzing the data, it was found that there was no statistical difference between means for manual irrigation and robotics in the development of agronomic variables of stem height, stem diameter and number of leaves, it being possible It is concluded that the robotic irrigation promoted a lower coefficient of variation and a lower standard deviation in the samples. It is important the fact that robotics when applied to agriculture, it is presented as an option to complement or manpower replacement for agricultural management, as it requires minimum operator intervention for operation, thereby depriving workers of activities stressful, repetitive and risky to health. It is important to highlight its importance in the rationalization of water resources to apply only the amount of water required by the plant and as technological innovation applied to the Brazilian semiarid region. / A agricultura familiar à uma importante geradora de ocupaÃÃo, renda e alimento para o paÃs, mesmo possuindo uma menor Ãrea para o seu desenvolvimento, a agricultura familiar tem papel fundamental na produÃÃo agrÃcola nacional e, pelo alto custo de que a mecanizaÃÃo agrÃcola exige, esses agricultores sÃo excluÃdos do processo de mecanizaÃÃo agrÃcola. Diante de tal exclusÃo, usufruir da evoluÃÃo dos sistemas de tecnologia mais aplicados atualmente, como a robÃtica, podem suprir de maneira eficaz as carÃncias por mÃo de obra dos agricultores familiares, e, a tendÃncia à que os diversos setores da agricultura que hoje sÃo realizados de maneira convencional, sejam substituÃdos por dispositivos autÃnomos. O objetivo deste trabalho à desenvolver um dispositivo robÃtico, (RIRRIG), capaz de interagir em um plano tridimensional, dotado de um sistema de atuadores, sensores e controladores com o intuito de realizar a irrigaÃÃo em estufas agrÃcolas. Provido de inteligÃncia computacional, o robà realiza a irrigaÃÃo individual de plantas em estufas, baseado na evapotranspiraÃÃo de referÃncia, conduzindo atà a planta a ferramenta terminal, que por sua vez, aplica em cada vaso uma determinada lÃmina. Realizadas as coletas de dados em campo e analisando-se os dados, constatou-se que nÃo houve diferenÃa estatÃstica entre mÃdias para a irrigaÃÃo manual e robÃtica no desenvolvimento das variÃveis agronÃmicas de altura de caule, diÃmetro de caule e nÃmero de folhas, podendo-se concluir que a irrigaÃÃo robotizada promoveu um menor coeficiente de variaÃÃo e um menor desvio padrÃo nas amostras coletadas. à relevante o fato que a robÃtica, quando aplicada à agricultura, apresenta-se como uma opÃÃo na complementaÃÃo ou substituiÃÃo da mÃo de obra para o manejo agrÃcola, pois necessita da mÃnima intervenÃÃo do operador para entrar em operaÃÃo, retirando assim os trabalhadores das atividades desgastantes, repetitivas e que oferecem risco à saÃde. à importante destacar sua importÃncia na racionalizaÃÃo do recurso hÃdrico por aplicar somente a quantidade de agua requerida pela planta e como inovaÃÃo tecnolÃgica aplicada ao semiÃrido brasileiro.
4

Projeto de um robô cartesiano com acionamento pneumático

Oliveira, Marcelo Frasson de January 2007 (has links)
A grande maioria dos robôs industriais disponíveis no mercado é de alto desempenho, principalmente com relação à precisão de posicionamento. Este aspecto é um dos fatores que mais influencia no seu preço final, levando em consideração toda a complexa cadeia de elementos que fazem com que o robô opere corretamente, desde os motores e componentes mecânicos, passando pela arquitetura e sistemas de controle até o sistema de programação. Tendo isto em vista, este trabalho visa projetar um robô industrial com preço mais acessível, adequado para o uso em processos industriais que não necessitem altos níveis de precisão. Para a redução de custos de fabricação e de componentes do robô, este trabalho viabiliza o uso de atuadores pneumáticos lineares como fonte motriz, pois os mesmos são relativamente baratos, leves, não poluentes, de fácil montagem e operação, além de apresentarem uma boa relação peso/potência. Para tanto, foi implementado uma estratégia de controle por modos deslizantes com objetivo de superar as dificuldades impostas pelo comportamento não-linear dos componentes pneumáticos. Com relação à redução de custos de programação e operação do robô, desenvolveu-se um ambiente de programação off-line, através de softwares de auxilio à manufatura e de engenharia usualmente encontrados em ambientes industriais. A estratégia fundamental neste trabalho, foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de projeto própria, concebida especificamente para a aplicação em projetos de robôs industriais, com os atributos de facilidade de execução e modularidade das fases envolvidas. A qual, no presente trabalho, apresenta o desenvolvimento de um robô cartesiano com três graus de liberdade acionado por atuadores pneumáticos lineares. / The great majority of industrial robots available in the market have high performance, especially relative to position accuracy. This aspect is one of the factors that most influence its final price, taking into account all complicated web elements that makes the robot operates in the correct form, since the actuators and the constructive part, passing by the architecture and control systems until the system of programming. According to these, the present work aims to project an industrial robot with more accessible costs, adequate to use in industrial process that not require high level of accuracy. For the reduction of manufacture and components costs of the robot, this work make viable to use of pneumatic actuators like a motive source, because are relatively cheap, light, not pollutants, easy assembly and operation, besides presenting a good relation weight/power. For such purpose, the strategy of control was implemented by sliding mode control for the objective to surpass the difficulties imposed by the non-linear behavior of the pneumatic components. About the reduction of programming and operation costs of the robot, an off-line programming environment was developed through manufacturing aided software and a software of engineering both usually found in industrial environments. The basic strategy in this work, was the development of an own methodology of project, conceived specifically for the application in projects of industrial robots, with the attributes of easiness of execution and modularization of the wrapped phases. That methodology, in the present work, presents the development of a Cartesian robot with three degrees of freedom actuated by pneumatic servo drive.
5

Návrh manipulátoru pro měřicí hlukové mikrofony / Manipulator design for noise measuring microphones

Mucha, Patrik January 2012 (has links)
This thesis describes the design of cartesian robot for precise measurement microphones. It contains design of robot, which is set from motorized linear stage and welded steel profiles structure. Model of described robot was computed in Inventor and then strength analysed in Ansys. Individual motors of linear stages and their sensors were designed at the end.
6

Automated In-Field Leaf-Level Hyperspectral Imaging of Corn Plants Using a Cartesian Robotic Platform

Ziling Chen (8810570) 21 June 2022 (has links)
Agriculture-related industry and academia have widely adopted Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) based in-field phenotyping activities. Current HSI solutions such as airborne remote sensing platforms and handheld spectrometers have been proven effective and have become popular in various phenotyping applications. However, the quality of remote sensing systems suffers from a low signal-over-noise ratio due to the imaging distance and low resolution. Handheld leaf spectrometers are slow, labor-intensive, and only measure a small spot on the leaf, which fails to represent the canopy variation. In 2018, the Purdue ABE sensor lab developed a new handheld hyperspectral leaf imager, LeafSpec. For the first time, field phenotyping researchers were able to collect high-resolution leaf hyperspectral images without the negative impacts of ambient lighting and leaf-slope angle changes. LeafSpec has been successfully tested in field assays and showed its advantageous phenotyping quality. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a robotic system could replace the human operator required to perform in-field and leaf-level HSI using LeafSpec. The system consisted of a modified version of the LeafSpec device, a machine vision system for target leaf detection, a National Instrument MyRIO as a controller and a customized cartesian robotic arm with five Degrees of Freedom (DOF). For each scan, the on-board machine vision system recognized the top leaf collar and obtained the target coordinates. The coordinates were then passed to the controller, which calculated the appropriate path and acceleration profile and drove the arm to approach the target leaf and scan the leaf with the LeafSpec device. The scanned image was then processed in real-time to calculate plant physiological features such as chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and so on. In the 2019 field test, the designed system collected data from 41 corn plants with two genotypes and three levels of nitrogen treatments with an average cycle time of 86 seconds. The nitrogen content predicted by the designed system had an R squared of 0.72 with the ground truth. The developers, therefore, concluded that the robotic gantry system was capable of replacing human operators for LeafSpec hyperspectral corn leaf imaging in the field with high quality.
7

Obslužný program pro colony-picking robot / Control Program for Colony-picking Robot

Matějka, Lukáš January 2012 (has links)
From an overview of most commonly used kinematic conceptions of robotic manipulators, the conception of Cartesian robot was identified as the most suitable for the given task of colony picking. A control system consisting of two modular parts has been designed for the colony picking robot. ColonyCounter module is a set of image processing libraries for identification of microbial colonies in image data and precise localization of individual colonies. This has been achieved by combination of multiple methods, most importantly connected components labelling and Hough circular transform. The second module – ColonyPicker – utilizes output of ColonyCounter module to plan the picking and placing of colonies. Subsequently it controls the transfer process itself using an innovative task planning and executing system.
8

Development and Evaluation of New Methods for Automating Experiments with C. Elegans Based on Active Vision

Puchalt Rodríguez, Joan Carles 10 March 2022 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis se centra en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas automatizadas que permiten inspeccionar nematodos Caenorhabidits elegans (C. elegans) en placas de Petri estándar, para el análisis de sus comportamientos. C. elegans es un nemátodo de 1mm de longitud, con el cual se pueden realizar distintos experimentos para analizar los efectos de fármacos, compuestos o alteraciones genéticas en su longevidad, su salud física o su cognición. El campo principal metodológico del presente trabajo para el análisis de esos efectos es la visión por computador; y con ello, el desarrollo completo del sistema de visión activo: sistema de iluminación inteligente, sistema de captura óptimo, procesamiento de las imágenes para detección y clasificación de nematodos. Los campos secundarios en esta investigación son el control y robotización. Los C. elegans son animales sensibles a la luz y por ello el primero de los métodos está en la rama de la iluminación inteligente, con el cual se permite regular la intensidad y las longitudes de onda de la luz que reciben los nematodos. El siguiente método es el procesado para la detección y clasificación de movimiento a partir de las imágenes obtenidas con esa iluminación controlada. Tener el ambiente controlado es fundamental, los nematodos son muy sensibles a las condiciones ambientales por lo que puede alterarse su actividad biológica, y con ello los resultados, así que el tercer método es la integración de las técnicas en un nuevo dispositivo que permite automatizar ensayos de lifespan y validar los resultados automáticos comparándolos con los manuales. El movimiento del animal es clave para poder realizar inferencias estadísticas que puedan mostrar tendencias en sus comportamientos, por ello la estimulación automatizada que provoque una reacción de su movilidad es el cuarto de los métodos. Por último, el aumento de la resolución en las imágenes muestra mayor detalle, mejorando el procesamiento y extracción de características. El quinto método es un robot multivista que posibilita tomar imágenes a distintas resoluciones, lo que permite mantener el seguimiento global de los gusanos, al mismo tiempo que se toman imágenes con un encuadre de mayor detalle del nematodo objetivo. / [CA] Esta tesi doctoral se centra en el desentrollament de noves tècniques automatitzades que permeten inspeccionar nemàtodes Caenorhabidits elegans (C. elegans) en plaques de Petri estàndar, per a l'anàlisi dels seus comportaments. C. elegans és un nemàtode d'1mm de llargària, ab el qual se poden realitzar distints experiments per a analitzar els efectes de fàrmacs, composts o alteracions genètiques en sa longevitat, la seua salut física o la seua cognició. El camp principal metodològic del present treball per a l'anàlisi d'eixos efectes és la visió per computador; i ab açò, el desentrollament complet del sistema de visió actiu: sistema d'il.luminació inteligent, sistema de captura òptim, processament de les imàtgens per a detecció i classificació de nematode. Els camps secundaris en esta investigació són el control i robotització. Els C. elegans són animals sensibles a la llum i por ello el primer dels mètodes està en la branca de la il.luminació intel.ligent, ab el qual es permet regular la intensitat i les longituds d'ona de la llum que reben els nematodes. El següent mètode és el processat per a la detecció i classificació de moviment a partir de les imàtgens obtinguda ab eixa il.luminació controlada. Tindre l'ambient controlat és fonamental, els nemàtodes són molt sensibles a les condicions ambientals per lo que pot alterar-se la seua activitat biològica, i ab aço els resultats, aixina que el tercer mètode és la integració de les tècniques en un nou dispositiu que permet automatitzar ensajos de lifespan i validar els resultats automàtics comparant-los ab els manuals. El moviment de l'animal és clau per a poder realitzar inferencies estadístiques que puguen mostrar tendències en el seus comportaments, per això la estimulació automatitzada que provoque una reacció de la seua mobilitat és el quart dels mètodes. Per últim, l'augment de la resolució en les imàtgens mostra major detall, millorant el processament i extracció de característiques. El quint mètode és un robot multivista que possibilita prendre imàtgens a distintes resolucions, lo que permet mantindre el seguiment global dels cucs, al mateix temps que se prenguen imàtgens ab un enquadrament de major detall del nematode objectiu. / [EN] This thesis focuses on the development of new automated techniques that allow the inspection of Caenorhabidits elegans nematodes (C. elegans) in Petri dishes, for the analysis of their behavior. This nematode is a 1mm long worm, with which different experiments can be carried out to analyze the effects of drugs, compounds or genetic alterations on its longevity, physical health or cognition. The main methodological field of the present work for the analysis of these effects is computer vision; and with it, the complete development of the active vision system: intelligent lighting system, optimal capture system, image processing for detection and classification of nematodes. The secondary fields in this research are control and robotization. C. elegans are light-sensitive animals and therefore the first method is in the field of intelligent lighting, with which it is possible to regulate the intensity and wavelength of the light that nematodes receive. The next method is the processing for the detection and classification of movement from the images obtained with that controlled lighting. Having a controlled environment is essential, worms are very sensitive to environmental conditions so it can alter biological activity, and with it the results, so the third method is the integration of techniques in a new device that allows automating tests of lifespan and validate the automatic results comparing them with the manual ones. The movement of the animal is key to be able to carry out statistical conferences that can show trends in its behaviors, therefore the automated stimulation that causes a reaction of its mobility is the fourth of the methods. Finally, increasing the resolution in the images shows greater detail, improving the processing and extraction of features. The fifth method is a multiview robot that enables images to be taken at different resolutions, allowing global tracking of worms to be maintained, while at the same time taking images with a more detailed frame of the target worm. / Puchalt Rodríguez, JC. (2022). Development and Evaluation of New Methods for Automating Experiments with C. Elegans Based on Active Vision [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181359 / TESIS / Compendio

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