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Loading vitrifiable concentrations of cryoprotective agents is an important step for cryopreservation of biological tissues by vitrification for research and transplantation purposes. This may be done by immersing the tissue in a cryoprotective agent (CPA) solution, and increasing the concentration, continuously or in multiple steps, and simultaneously decreasing the temperature to decrease the toxicity effects of the cryoprotective agent on the tissue cellular system. During cryoprotective agent loading, osmotic water movement from the tissue to the surrounding solution, and the resultant tissue shrinkage and stress-strain in the tissue matrix as well as on the cellular system can significantly alter the outcome of the cryopreservation protocol. In this thesis, a biomechanical model for articular cartilage is developed to account for the transport of the cryoprotective agent, the nonideal-nondilute properties of the vitrifiable solutions, the osmotic water movement and the resultant tissue shrinkage and stress-strain in the tissue matrix, and the osmotic volume change of the chondrocytes, during cryoprotective agent loading in the cartilage matrix. Four essential transport parameters needed for the model were specified, the values of which were obtained uniquely by fitting the model to experimental data from porcine articular cartilage. Then, it was shown that using real nonuniform initial distributions of water and fixed charges in cartilage, measured separately in this thesis using MRI, in the model can significantly affect the model predictions. The model predictions for dimethyl sulfoxide diffusion in porcine articular cartilage were verified by comparing to spatially and temporally resolved measurements of dimethyl sulfoxide concentration in porcine articular cartilage using a spectral MRI technique, developed for this purpose and novel to the field of cryobiology. It was demonstrated in this thesis that the developed mathematical model provides a novel tool for studying transport phenomena in cartilage during cryopreservation protocols, and can make accurate predictions for the quantities of interest for applications in the cryopreservation of articular cartilage. / Chemical Engineering

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Pathology, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 266-303).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, School of Veterinary Science, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-176).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-225) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1986.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-216) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 138 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).

Thesis (M.S.)--School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by Marc Levenston. / Marc Levenston, Committee Co-Chair ; Yves Berthelot, Committee Co-Chair ; Robert Guldberg, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.