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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estimativas de parÃmetros genÃticos e identificaÃÃo de QTLs candidatos em cajueiro. / Estimates of genetic parameters and qtl detection in cashew.

Francisco Herbeth Costa dos Santos 26 September 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O conhecimento sobre os parÃmetros genÃticos, a identificaÃÃo de locos de caracterÃsticas quantitativas (QTL) e a seleÃÃo assistida por marcadores tÃm grande importÃncia para o melhoramento genÃtico vegetal. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o potencial de produÃÃo de oitenta e quatro clones de cajueiro, estimar parÃmetros genÃticos e identificar QTLs associados à altura da planta, diÃmetro da copa, antracnose, mofo-preto, nÃmero de flores hermafroditas/panÃcula e peso da castanha. Considerando estes objetivos, dois experimentos foram conduzidos em dois locais (Pacajus e Paraipaba), no estado do CearÃ, Brasil. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetiÃÃes e duas plantas por parcela. As caracterÃsticas foram avaliadas nos anos 2009, 2010 e 2011. A identificaÃÃo dos QTLs candidatos foi realizada utilizando os mÃtodos de mapeamento nÃo-paramÃtrico, mapeamento por intervalo e mapeamento de QTLs mÃltiplos. Os resultados permitem observar apresenÃa de variabilidade genotÃpica na geraÃÃo F1 para todos os caracteres avaliados, com alto potencial para seleÃÃo de genÃtipos superiores, com resistÃncia à antracnose e ao mofo-preto, altas produÃÃes de flor hermafrodita/panÃcula e de castanha. Os clones da geraÃÃo F1: 1, 16, 17, 41, 57, 65, 76 e 78 foram considerados os mais promissores para as caracterÃsticas analisadas. A anÃlise conjunta indicou a presenÃa de interaÃÃo genÃtipo x ambiente para todas as caracterÃsticas estudadas. Hà presenÃa de QTLs para todos os caracteres avaliados, explicando entre 2,16% a 19,47% da variaÃÃo fenotÃpica total nos caracteres diÃmetro de copa e flores hermafroditas, respectivamente. As anÃlises de QTL ao longo dos anos e locais revelaram efeitos importantes da interaÃÃo genÃtipo x ambiente na detecÃÃo de QTL. Este resultado concorda com as diferenÃas encontradas na mÃdia das caracterÃsticas ao longo dos anos e locais, estando relacionada, entre outras causas, à alternÃncia de alguns clones (genÃtipos) para as caracterÃsticas analisadas e a quantidade de chuva por ambiente. / Knowledge about genetic parameters, identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted selection have great interest for genetic improvement. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the yield potential of eighty four clones of cashew, to estimate their genetic parameters and to identify QTLs associated with plant height, canopy diameter, anthracnose, black mold, number of hermaphrodite flower/panicle and nut weight. Considering these objectives, two trials were planted in two different countries (PacajÃs and Paraipaba), state of CearÃ, Brazil. The experimental phase was conducted in a randomized block design with two replications, two plants per plot. Apart the traits were evaluated during years 2009, 2010 and 2011. Detection of candidate QTLs were realized using the methods non-parametric mapping, interval mapping and multiple QTL mapping. The evidence of genotypic variability was detected in F1 generation to all characters analyzed. The high potential for the selection of genotypes with the best characteristics to resistance to anthracnose and black mold, hermaphrodite flower and yield. The generation F1 clones named as: 1, 16, 17, 41, 57, 65, 76 and 78 were considered the most promising materials for breeding propose. The joint analysis indicated significant genotype by environment interaction for all traits studied. QTLs for traits of agronomic importance were identified with potential for marker-assisted selection. There is presence of QTLs for all traits, explaining between 2.16 to 19.47% of the total phenotypic variation in the traits canopy diameter and hermaphrodite flowers, respectively. QTL analysis over years and places revealed important effects of genotype by environment interaction on QTL detection. This result agrees with the differences found for the average trait among years and places related, among other causes, the alternation of some clones (genotypes) for traits analyzed and the amount of rain for the environment.

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