This thesis looks at ways in which the British Catholic Church confronted the issue of Catholic unity and authority during the First World War. In a period when it was already attempting to articulate its position in relationship to the establishment and in the context of their Catholicity, the First World War offered the British Catholic Church both added difficulties and increased opportunity to express its position. For Catholics, the claim of universality was not only that they were the Church Universal in the sense that they were a supra-national church but that their Church was complete. Catholics argued that the Church was held together as a body united by and under the authority of Christ, the pontiff of Rome and the traditions maintained and accepted by the Church. These factors made it necessary for Catholics not only to make evident the advantage of their practices but to demonstrate that the fullness of the Church in its sacraments, doctrines and structure was neither in internal religious conflict nor fragmented by political or cultural differences; in short, that it was in itself complete. In the context of a world war in which Catholics were fighting one another and an unresolved political situation in Ireland, maintaining this position was both complicated and yet vital to the Catholic understanding of unity, authority and universality. In this thesis are analysed some of the ways in which the British Catholic Church addressed these challenges of self-definition.

陳麗媚. / "2004年6月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (leaves 176-182). / 附中英文摘要. / "2004 nian 6 yue". / Chen Limei. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 176-182). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章´Ø --- 緒論 --- p.1-11 / Chapter 第二章´Ø --- 十七世紀中葉的福建 --- p.12-43 / Chapter (一) --- 天主教的發展 --- p.12 / Chapter (二) --- 政治、經濟及社會狀況 --- p.17 / Chapter (三) --- 福建的信徒群體 --- p.22 / Chapter (四) --- 小結 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三章´Ø --- 《口鐸日抄》的內容分析 --- p.44-100 / Chapter (一) --- 基督徒身份：〈凡例〉與翁允鑑之例 --- p.44 / Chapter (二) --- 儀式和紀念日 --- p.48 / Chapter (三) --- 對話的性質 --- p.56 / Chapter (1) --- 教友的問題 --- p.56 / Chapter (i) --- 異能 --- p.59 / Chapter (ii) --- 科學 --- p.60 / Chapter (iii) --- 西學 --- p.62 / Chapter (iv) --- 信徒群體 --- p.62 / Chapter (v) --- 教義 --- p.64 / Chapter (vi) --- 修練 --- p.65 / Chapter (vii) --- 社會問題/現象 --- p.66 / Chapter (viii) --- 天堂/地獄/靈魂 --- p.68 / Chapter (ix) --- 其他宗教 --- p.70 / Chapter (2) --- 非教徒的問題 --- p.72 / Chapter (3) --- 傳教士對教友的訓言 --- p.78 / Chapter (i) --- 修練 --- p.80 / Chapter (ii) --- 教義 --- p.85 / Chapter (iii) --- 信徒群體 --- p.88 / Chapter (4) --- 修練的難題 --- p.91 / Chapter (四) --- 小結 --- p.97 / Chapter 第四章´Ø --- 《西海艾先生語錄》對《口鐸日抄》的特別修改 --- p.101-123 / Chapter (一) --- 貧窮 --- p.102 / Chapter (二) --- 佛教 --- p.108 / Chapter (三) --- 中國其他官方/民間信仰 --- p.113 / Chapter (四) --- 小結 --- p.122 / Chapter 第五章´Ø --- 《西海艾先生語錄》對《三山論學記》的特別修改 --- p.124-150 / Chapter (一) --- 善 惡 --- p.127 / Chapter (二) --- 佛 教 --- p.137 / Chapter (三) --- 創 造 --- p.141 / Chapter (四) --- 天主降生 --- p.143 / Chapter (五) --- 小結 --- p.149 / Chapter 第六章´Ø --- 結論 --- p.151-159 / 附錄 --- p.160-175 / 附表：福建信徒群體史源表 --- p.160 / 附圖一：福建傳教事業的發展(1621-1650) --- p.168 / 附圖二：明萬歷至崇禎年間泉州出土的十字架樣式 --- p.171 / 附圖三：聖神降臨 --- p.172 / 附圖四：貧善富惡生時異景 --- p.173 / 附圖五：貧善富惡死後殊報 --- p.174 / 附圖六：天主末曰的審判 --- p.175 / 參考書目 --- p.176-182

What did it mean to be a Catholic elite in Protestant England? The relationship between the Protestant crown and its Catholic subjects may be examined fruitfully through a study of an individual and his world. This thesis examines this relationship through the example of Sir Thomas Tresham, who has often been seen as the archetypal Catholic loyalist. It is argued that the notion of Catholic loyalism must be reconfigured to account for the complexities inherent in the relationship between Catholics and the government. The duty to honour the monarch's authority was bound up with social and national sentiment, but it often accompanied criticisms of the practice of that authority, and the ways in which it encroached on personal experience. Intractable tensions lay behind expressions of loyalty, and this thesis travels in these undercurrents of cultural, social, religious, and political conflict to investigate the nuanced relationship between English Catholics and English society. Political resistance as classically understood - actions which directly opposed and undermined government policy - risks the exclusion of culture and identity, through which resistance was redefined. It is argued that Tresham's participation in elite activities became vehicles for resistance in the Catholic context. Book-collecting, reading, and the donation of books to an institutional library are framed as forms of resistance which countered the spirit of government legislation, and provided for the continuation of a robust tradition of Catholic scholarship on English soil. Through artistic and architectural projects, Tresham found ways to participate in elite culture which were not closed off to him, and in which Catholicism and gentility could sit side by side. These activities were also avenues for resistance, whereby the erection of stone testaments to Tresham's faith defied the government's attempts to redefine Englishness and gentility in Protestant terms, to the devastation of Catholicism. These artistic works combined piety, gentility, and resistance, and, together with Tresham's two Catholic libraries, they were to be his legacy.