Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Orientador: Mário De Beni Arrigoni / Co-orientador: Danilo Domingues Millen / Banca: Cristina Andrighetto / Banca: Marco Aurelio Factori / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as frequências de alimentação sobre o comportamento ingestivo, digestibilidade do amido e FDN e flutuação do consumo de massa seca (CMS) em bovinos Nelore confinados. Foram utilizados 48 machos não castrados com peso corporal médio inicial de (358,2±19,4kg), divididos em 4 tratamentos: 1) fornecimento da ração (1x ao dia, 8:00h), 2) (2x, 8:00h e 14:00h), 3) (3x, 8:00h, 11:00h e 17:00h) e 4) (4x, 8:00h, 11:00h, 14:00h e 17:00h), caracterizando delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 12 animais por tratamento (1animal/baia). O experimento teve duração de 94 dias, sendo 9 dias de adaptação (ADAP) com aumento do nível de concentrado de 60% para 86%. A dieta de terminação (TERM) continha: 67% de grãos de milho quebrados, 14% de bagaço de cana, 9% de casca de soja, 5,5% de farelo de soja, 4,0% de núcleo mineral com uréia, 0,5% de calcáreo. Na fase de ADAP, com o aumento da frequência de alimentação a variação do CMS, expressa em % e kg, foi afetada de forma cúbica (P = 0,05), entretanto na fase de TERM, expressa em %, não foi afetada (P > 0,10), quando expressa em kg, na fase de TERM e período total de confinamento foram afetados de forma linear e quadrática (P < 0,05). Para o comportamento ingestivo na fase de ADAP somente as variáveis CMS e Consumo de FDN foram afetados de forma quadrática (P = 0,06) e cúbica (P = 0,02), respectivamente. No entanto, na fase de TERM o CMS foi afetado de forma linear (P = 0,02), o tempo de ruminação e ócio foram afetados de forma cúbica (P < 0,01) e consumo de FDN, eficiência de alimentação e ruminação de FDN foram afetados de forma quadrática e cúbica (P < 0,01). Na fase de ADAP digestibilidade do amido foi afetada de forma linear (P = 0,03) e cúbica (P < 0,01). Contudo, na fase de TERM somente a porcentagem de amido fecal foi afetada de forma quadrática (P = 0,05). Para a seletividade dos ingredientes não houve influência da ... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate feeding frequency on feeding behavior, digestibility of starch and NDF and fluctuation of dry matter intake (DMI) in confined Nellore. Were used 48 no neutered males with average initial body weight (358.2±19,4kg), divided into 4 treatments: 1) (1x; 0800h), 2) (2x; 0800h and 1400h), 3) (3x; 0800h, 1100h and 1700h) and 4) (4x; 0800h, 1100h, 1400h and 1700h), indicating delineation randomized blocks, with 12 animals per treatment (1animal / pen). The experiment lasted 94 days, and the adaptation (ADAP) lasting nine days with the increased level of 60% to 86% concentrate diet. Diet finishing (FINISH) contained: 67% broken grains of corn, 14% of sugar cane, 9% soybean hulls, 5.5% soybean meal, 4.0% mineral mixture with urea, 0.5% limestone. ADAP in phase, with increasing feeding frequency variation DMI, and expressed % in kg was affected cubically (P = 0.05), however the phase FINISH, expressed in %, was not affected (P > 0.10), when expressed in kg, during the FINISH and total period of confinement were affected linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05). For the feeding behavior in phase ADAP only the DMI and consumption of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) variables were affected quadratically (P = 0.06) and cubic (P = 0.02), respectively. However, during FINISH the DMI was affected linearly (P = 0.02), the time of ruminating and resting were affected cubically (P <0.01) and intake NDF, feed efficiency and rumination NDF were affected quadratic and cubic (P <0.01) respectively. In phase ADAP only starch digestibility was affected linearly (P = 0.03) and cubic (P <0.01). However, during the FINISH only the percentage of fecal starch was affected quadratically (P = 0.05). For the selection of ingredients in stages ADAP and FINISH there was no influence of feeding frequency. Practically, Nellore food at least three times a day seems to be the most indicaded option / Mestre

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Bibliography: leaves 175-196. The influence of starch in grain-based diets on fat development in cattle and sheep is investigated.

Three studies were conducted to evaluate: 1) rotationally grazed forage for late-summer stockpiling; 2) effects of lactation on self-fed supplement intake; and 3) influence of cow age on hand-fed supplement intake. For the first study, treatments consisted of non grazed, 2X and 3X grazed. Crude protein of forage grazed 3X was greater (P<.10) than non-grazed. Yield of non-grazed forage was greater (P<.10) than forage grazed 2X and 3X. Non-grazed forage displayed the greatest stockpiled yield and grazing influenced quality of stockpiled forage to a small magnitude. Treatments for the second study consisted of non, mid, and late-lactation on two experimental diets. Late-lactation cow BW change was less (P<.10) than non-lactating in both experiments and less (P<.10) than mid-lactating cows in Exp. 1 only. Forage intake for late-lactating cows was less (P<.10) than mid-lactating cows in Exp. 1 and tended to be greater (P=.13) than non-lactating cows in Exp. 2. Self-fed supplement intake was highly variable but not influenced by lactation. Treatments for the third study consisted of five age groups. In yr 1, weight change at d 57 for 11-yr cows was greater (P<.10) than 5-yr cows. In yr 2, weight change at d 28 for 8-yr cows was less (P<.10) than 4, 6, and 10-yr cows and 4-yr cows was greater (P<.10) than 6, 10, and 12-yr cows. At d 56, weight change for 4-yr cows was greater (P<.10) than 6, 8, 10 and 12-yr cows and 12-yr cows was less (P<.10) than 6 and 10-yr cows. Weight change at calving for 4-yr cows was greater (P<.10) than 6, 8, and 12-yr cows. Forage intake of 10-yr cows was greater (P<.10) than 8 and 4-yr cows. Supplement intake of 4-yr cows was greater (P>.10) than 8, 10, and 12-yr cows. Six-yr cows had greater (P<.10) supplement intakes than 12 and 8-yr cows. Three and 4-yr cows displayed the best performance and 4-yr cows consumed the greatest amount of supplement. / Graduation date: 2000

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of quality of supplemental alfalfa quality on beef cattle consuming low-quality meadow grass (MG) roughages. Fifteen steers (250 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three treatments: 1) meadow grass (5.2% CP), no supplement (MNS); 2) meadow grass plus high quality alfalfa hay (AHS) (18.8% CP); and 3) meadow grass plus low quality alfalfa hay (ALS) (15.2% CP). Supplements were fed at 0.45% BW and 0.55 % BW respectively. Total DM intake was greater (P<.01) for alfalfa supplemented steers. Likewise intake of digestible DM, DM digestibility and ruminal ammonia levels were greater for alfalfa supplemented steers (P<.01). In Exp. 2; 96 gestating Hereford x Simmental cows (537 kg; body condition 4.86) were assigned to the same treatments as in Exp. 1. For d-0 to d-42 cows grazed on 19.1 ha of stockpiled MG (4539 kg/ha; 6.8% CP) whereas d-43 to d-84, cows received MG hay (5.2% CP). Results for the 84-d study indicated that supplemented cows gained more BW (P<.01), body condition (P<.01) and had heavier (P<.01) calf birth weights than MNS cows. In the first 42-d period supplemented cows gained 16.2 kg more BW than MNS cows (P<.01). Likewise, supplemented cows increased .24 BC more (P<.01) than MNS cows. The same trend was observed from d-42 to d-84, though ALS cows lost more BC (P<.01) than the AHS cows. In Exp. 3; 90 gestating Angus x Hereford cows (475 kg; body condition 4.59) were assigned to one of three supplemental treatments: 1) 16.1% CP alfalfa; 2) 17.8% CP alfalfa; 3) 20.0% CP alfalfa. The level of supplementation was 0.63%, 0.55%, and 0.50% of BW, respectively. The basal diet was baled MG hay (5.6% CP). Weight gain and BC change for the 84-d study displayed a quadratic response (P<.10). In conclusion, alfalfa hay is an effective way of increasing low-quality roughage DM intake and digestibility. However, alfalfa hay quality did not appear to dramatically effect BW, BC, and (or) calf birth weights, when fed on a isonitrogenous basis. (KEY WORDS: Beef cattle, Supplementation, Meadow Hay, Alfalfa Hay) / Graduation date: 1997

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