Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Detroit Mercy, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-116).

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 V35 / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Nos últimos 20 anos, impactos ambientais relacionados à implantação e funcionamento de cemitérios têm sido objeto de diversas discussões públicas, levantamentos ambientais e alguns trabalhos acadêmicos. A maioria das pesquisas tem demonstrado o esperado dano ambiental causado pelos cemitérios. Por outro lado, em estudos ambientais tanto acadêmicos quanto técnicos, os pesquisadores e profissionais têm se valido de diversas metodologias, especialmente dos métodos indiretos de investigação por sua rapidez e qualidade dos resultados. Os métodos indiretos utilizados na avaliação e controle das contaminações por cemitérios têm sido a eletrorresistividade e os eletromagnéticos. Mais recentemente o radar (GPR - Ground Penetrating Radar) tem sido mencionado em literatura e utilizado principalmente em estudos forenses. Neste projeto se implantou em uma área sem qualquer histórico de contaminação, corpos e restos de animais com semelhanças a corpos humanos, comparando os métodos e técnicas geofísicas no acompanhamento da formação da pluma de contaminação possivelmente originada a partir da formação do necrochorume. Os resultados mostraram que o método da eletrorresistividade com a técnica do caminhamento elétrico apresentou os melhores resultados quanto à delimitação da pluma gerada. Análises físico-químicas efetuadas na água subterrânea para se avaliar os resultados não mostraram claramente as alterações previstas, especialmente quanto ao esperado aumento da condutividade elétrica. / In recent years, environmental impacts related to the deployment and operation of cemeteries has been the subject of several public discussions, environmental surveys and academic papers. Most surveys have shown the expected environmental damage caused by cemeteries. On the other hand, in academic and technical environmental studies, researchers and professionals have been using various methodologies, especially the indirect methods of investigation due to quickness and quality of results. The indirect methods used in the evaluation and control of contamination caused by cemeteries has been the electrical and electromagnetic. More recently Ground Penetrating Radar has been mentioned in literature and mainly used in forensic studies. This study implemented in an area without any history of contamination, animal bodies with similarities to human burials and compared the methods and geophysical techniques to monitor the formation of the plume of contamination probably originated from the formation of necroleachate. The results showed that the method of electrical imaging showed the best results concerning the delimitation of the plume generated. Physical and chemical analysis performed in groundwater to evaluate the results did not clearly show the expected changes, especially regarding the specific increase in electrical conductivity.

Nos últimos 20 anos, impactos ambientais relacionados à implantação e funcionamento de cemitérios têm sido objeto de diversas discussões públicas, levantamentos ambientais e alguns trabalhos acadêmicos. A maioria das pesquisas tem demonstrado o esperado dano ambiental causado pelos cemitérios. Por outro lado, em estudos ambientais tanto acadêmicos quanto técnicos, os pesquisadores e profissionais têm se valido de diversas metodologias, especialmente dos métodos indiretos de investigação por sua rapidez e qualidade dos resultados. Os métodos indiretos utilizados na avaliação e controle das contaminações por cemitérios têm sido a eletrorresistividade e os eletromagnéticos. Mais recentemente o radar (GPR - Ground Penetrating Radar) tem sido mencionado em literatura e utilizado principalmente em estudos forenses. Neste projeto se implantou em uma área sem qualquer histórico de contaminação, corpos e restos de animais com semelhanças a corpos humanos, comparando os métodos e técnicas geofísicas no acompanhamento da formação da pluma de contaminação possivelmente originada a partir da formação do necrochorume. Os resultados mostraram que o método da eletrorresistividade com a técnica do caminhamento elétrico apresentou os melhores resultados quanto à delimitação da pluma gerada. Análises físico-químicas efetuadas na água subterrânea para se avaliar os resultados não mostraram claramente as alterações previstas, especialmente quanto ao esperado aumento da condutividade elétrica. / In recent years, environmental impacts related to the deployment and operation of cemeteries has been the subject of several public discussions, environmental surveys and academic papers. Most surveys have shown the expected environmental damage caused by cemeteries. On the other hand, in academic and technical environmental studies, researchers and professionals have been using various methodologies, especially the indirect methods of investigation due to quickness and quality of results. The indirect methods used in the evaluation and control of contamination caused by cemeteries has been the electrical and electromagnetic. More recently Ground Penetrating Radar has been mentioned in literature and mainly used in forensic studies. This study implemented in an area without any history of contamination, animal bodies with similarities to human burials and compared the methods and geophysical techniques to monitor the formation of the plume of contamination probably originated from the formation of necroleachate. The results showed that the method of electrical imaging showed the best results concerning the delimitation of the plume generated. Physical and chemical analysis performed in groundwater to evaluate the results did not clearly show the expected changes, especially regarding the specific increase in electrical conductivity.

This thesis traces the production process of colonial urban space in Seoul. In particular, the research analyses how the space of the dead (the gravesite) was transformed into a space of urban settlers during the colonial period. The Government General Korea introduced the burial rule in 1912, the first modern law of its kind, to control (the space of) the dead within the realm of the state. At the core of the 1912 burial rule was the prohibition of long-standing interment customs - such as feng-shui-based private gravesites - and the installation of public cemeteries as the only place for interment. The rule also introduced cremation into Korean society, a practice that had long been taboo. The gravesite had embodied significant meaning and served important functions within Korean society in the past, but the burial rule changed the whole relationship between the living and the gravesite. Indeed, as this thesis shows, the burial rule was one of the governing strategies deployed in shaping and transforming Koreans' institutions, physical space, and consciousness. To capture the inter-relational mechanisms between the transformation of the gravesite and the wider urban development of the colonial capital Seoul, the thesis uses a unique theoretical and analytical framework, which the author calls 'institutional political economy.' Through this framework and echoing Lefebvre's spatial triad of the production of space, this thesis argues that urban space is produced through the dialectical relations of the institutions, material space, and experience/consciousness. The gravesite, especially in Seoul, underwent a major transformation during the colonial period, which consequently had a substantial impact on Koreans' attitudes towards and notions of death and the gravesite. The thesis demonstrates how these changing attitudes corresponded and interacted with the capitalist urbanisation of Seoul, which would ultimately produce a new urban landscape and urban consciousness and subjectivity within modern Seoul.

Despite the large amount of research about the colonization of the American West Coast, historians have overlooked the subtle yet significant role that cemeteries have played in this narrative. Using evidence from archives, newspapers, and historical maps, this study identifies the forces which influenced the development and use of cemeteries in Portland and Salem, Oregon during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In Salem, the reinterpretation of the story of Methodist Mission leader Jason Lee culminated in an elaborate reinterment ceremony nearly sixty years after his death at the cemetery he had helped found. By contrast, the remains of Indigenous children who died while attending Lee's mission school and those who died while patients at the Oregon Insane Asylum are now lost, though they were buried only a few hundred feet from Lee's eventual resting place. In Portland, the city government left behind a wake of tangled paperwork and actual bodies in its failed attempts to provide early Portlanders with a space for the dead. Finally, a private group founded a large, modern cemetery akin to the world-famous Green-wood or Mount Auburn Cemeteries on the East Coast. Portlanders had finally addressed the "last great necessity" of the city, and were ready for more residents and more investors. Studying the development and history of cemeteries in Oregon is a unique and underutilized way to understand how the forces of colonization, urbanization, and memory manifest in both the shared memories and physical landscapes of our communities.

Holt Cemetery is a historic potter's field in New Orleans that has been in active use for several centuries. One of the few below-ground cemeteries in New Orleans, it is one of the most culturally fascinating burial places in the city. In spite of being frequently visited by families (evidenced by the unique votive material left on grave plots) and the final resting place of several historic figures, Holt is threatened by a lack of conservation so extreme that the ground surface is littered with human remains and the cemetery is left unprotected against grave robbing. Many locals have expressed concern that occult rituals take place within Holt, promoting the theft of human bones, while others have expressed concern that the skeletal material is stolen to be sold. Attempts to map and document the cemetery were originally undertaken by archaeologists working in the area who intended to create a searchable database with an interactive GIS map. Additionally, the nonprofit group Save Our Cemeteries, which works to restore New Orleans' cemeteries and educate the public about their importance, has taken part in conservation work. As of today all the projects and preservation efforts involving the cemetery have ceased. This thesis documents and analyzes the skeletal material within the cemetery alongside the votive material and attempts to explain why Holt is allowed to exist in its current state of disrepair while still remaining a place of vivid expressive culture. / acase@tulane.edu

Historical accounts of mortuary display during the 19th-century and evidence from archaeological investigations at historic cemeteries can contribute substantially to our understanding of related chronological and social-status issues. An inadequate understanding of mortuary practice in Texas circa 1821 to 1870 frustrates assessment of site chronology and status-related interpretations. While there are numerous studies of individual cemeteries, there is, as of yet, no synthesis of historical and archaeological data pertaining to mortuary practices in early Texas. In response to this deficiency, this thesis provides a synthesis of mortuary practices and the availability of related paraphernalia in Texas circa 1821-1870. Data from numerous cemeteries are compiled to establish a chronology for mortuary practices and to develop a seriation of select burial furnishings as an aid in assessing status-related variation in mortuary display. Results of the study, as gleaned from archival and archaeological data, indicate that mortuary display in mid-19th-century Texas is not so much a proxy of wealth, as it is a measure of popular cultural trends and economic contexts. These findings are used to reassess cemetery chronologies and status indices, including several interments at Matagorda Cemetery (1835-present), which serve as case studies.

Thesis (M.A.)--Youngstown State University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83). Also available via the World Wide Web in PDF format.