Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1941. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).

This paper details the process of creating a workflow to extract, structure, and categorize the text of historic-period cookbooks for future analysis using visualization applications. This includes a consideration of bias in both data science and data analysis projects. After design of the initial database and workflow, the project went through three additional rounds of testing that showed the possible limitations of the initial schema and controlled vocabularies and led to specific changes in the database. The paper considers how the database can be used to ask questions of the data, and presents possible strategies for answering these research questions. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the possible future for textually based data science projects and cookbook analysis.

Orientador: Andréia Galvão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T09:49:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lemos_PatriciaRocha_M.pdf: 1749108 bytes, checksum: 0049d10d42d629f42882a43f87672e3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Nossa pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a estratégia sindical empreendida pela União Geral dos Trabalhadores (UGT). Criada em 2007, no contexto de reorganização sindical que marcou o governo Lula, a partir de uma fusão entre a CGT, a CAT e a SDS, a UGT articula elementos do sindicalismo do qual se origina (como conciliação de interesses, prioridade à negociação, defesa da estrutura sindical) com uma nova tendência que busca, através da participação nos espaços institucionais, oferecer respostas aos desafios do sindicalismo. Valendo-nos da teoria de Hyman (2001), consideramos que tal modelo de ação sindical se situa entre o mercado e a sociedade, ao mesclar elementos do sindicalismo de mercado e do sindicalismo de integração social promovido pela tradição do sindicalismo cristão e da social-democracia. Ao assumir um discurso de neutralidade e, ao mesmo tempo, não rejeitar a atuação político-partidária, a UGT defende uma perspectiva pluralista, permitindo a convivência de uma diversidade de frações de classe e acomodando diferentes preferências partidárias em seu interior. Por fim, a UGT se associa a uma perspectiva de construção do diálogo social comprometida com a competitividade das empresas, o que possibilita a aceitação da "flexibilização" de direitos, embora sustente um discurso contrário ao neoliberalismo / Abstract: Our research aimed to understand the union strategy undertaken by the General Union of Workers (UGT). Founded in 2007 in the context of the unionist reorganization that marked Lula¿s government, from the merge of the CGT, CAT and SDS, the UGT blends elements of the unionism from which it originates (as interests conciliation, priority to negotiation, advocacy of the union structure) with a new trend that seeks, through participation in institutional spaces, to provide answers to the challenges of unionism. Drawing on the theory of Hyman (2001), we consider that such a model of union action lies between the market and society, by mixing elements of market unionism and unionism of social integration promoted by the Christian unionism and social democratic traditions. By taking a discourse of neutrality and, while not rejecting the partisan political activities, the UGT advocates a pluralist perspective, allowing the coexistence of a variety of class fractions and accommodating different party preferences inside. Finally, UGT is associated with a perspective of building social dialogue committed with business¿ competitiveness, allowing for the acceptance of the "flexibility" of rights, despite presenting a speech contrary to neoliberalism / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestra em Ciência Política

Abstract This study describes the central views of MTK on Finnish environmental policy during the period 1980-2000. The empirical material is collected from the magazine Maataloustuottaja. The data is analyzed using ethnographic content analysis and examining the central arguments and discoursive structures of the texts. The study begins with a description of the development of Finnish agriculture and of MTK. The first chapter also presents and evaluates empirical studies on the environmental views of Finnish farmers. The following chapter discusses some theoretical and methodological issues in environmental sociology. The theoretical foundation of this study is grounded in the idea of ecological modernization and social justice in environmental issues. The essential methodological tension that underpins environmental sociology is between critical realism and social constructivism. The starting point of this research lies between critical realism and moderate constructivism; in other words, naïve realism and strong constructivism or scientism and relativism have been abandoned. This starting point is also closely connected to environmental pragmatism. The empirical part of the study begins with a thematical discussion on changes in the views that MTK has adopted toward environmental policy issues. Although these views have not changed significantly over the years, MTK has shown an increased interest in organic production and in cooperation with consumer and worker organizations to promote "environmentally pure", local food production and the social sustainability of Finnish food production and countryside. The second part of the empirical study reveals some stable discoursive practices in the environmental rhetoric of MTK that has traditionally accentuated the connection between nature and agriculture and the notion of farmers as stewards of nature. At the same time, MTK has emphasized the alienation of urbanites and environmental policy-makers from nature and countryside. MTK has also expressed a concern about private property rights, economic expenses and a variety of practical problems caused by nature conservation and preservation. MTK's attitude towards family farming is contradictory: they are regarded as the models of agriculture, while the scale of production is growing. / Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa kuvataan MTK:n ympäristökäsityksiä vuosina 1980-2000. Tutkimusaineistona on käytetty sen julkaiseman "Maataloustuottaja" -lehden ympäristökysymyksiä käsitteleviä kirjoituksia. Aineiston käsittely perustuu etnografiseen sisällönanalyysiin tavoitteena tarkastella MTK:n ympäristöpoliittista argumentaatiota ja etsiä tekstin diskursiivisia rakenteita. Tutkimuksen alussa tarkastellaan MTK:n ja Suomen maatalouden kehitystä sekä viljelijäväestön ympäristökäsityksiä historiallisen ja yhteiskuntatieteellisen tutkimuksen sekä tilastojen valossa. Seuraavassa luvussa tarkastellaan ympäristösosiologian teoreettis-metodologista kysymyksiä ja niihin liittyviä ajankohtaisia kiistoja. Tutkimus rakentuu lähinnä ekologisen modernisaation teorian käsitteistölle täydennettynä ajankohtaisella, ympäristökysymyksiin liittyvän yhteiskunnallisen oikeudenmukaisuuden pohdinnalla. Ympäristösosiologian viimeaikainen metodologinen keskustelu on liittynyt kriittisen realismin ja konstruktionismin välisiin kiistoihin. Tutkimuksessa päädytään naiivin realismin ja radikaalin konstruktivismin hylkäämiseen ja ympäristösosiologisen pragmatismin mahdollisuuksien hahmottamiseen. Empiirisessä osassa tutkitaan aluksi MTK:n ympäristöpoliittisia käsityksiä ja niissä tapahtuneita muutoksia. Vaikka muutokset eivät ole kovin merkittäviä, on joitain merkkejä siitä havaittavissa: kiinnostus luonnonmukaiseen tuotantoon on kasvussa, tuottajien ja kuluttajien kesken on löytymässä yhteistoimintaa "puhtaiden" kotimaisten elintarvikkeiden ja lähituotannon puolesta ja järjestö on sitoutunut kestävän kehityksen periaatteiden toteuttamiseen. Toisessa empiirisen tutkimuksen osiossa etsitään diskursiivisia piirteitä MTK:n retoriikassa. Perinteisesti MTK on nähnyt viljelijät "todellisina luonnonsuojelijoina". Samalla se on katsonut kaupunkilaisten kuten myös ympäristöaktivistien ja -poliitikkojen vieraantuneen luonnosta. Järjestö on huolestunut omaisuudensuojasta, taloudellisista kustannuksista ja erilaisista käytännön ongelmista luonnonsuojelualueiden perustamisen yhteydessä. MTK:n suhtautuu perheviljelmiin ristiriitaisesti: niitä pidetään maatalouden mallina samalla, kun maataloustuotannon yksikkökoko on kasvamassa.