The TurboPiston Pump was invented to make use of merits such as, high flow rates often seen in centrifugal pumps and high pressures associated with positive displacement pumps. The objective of this study is to manufacture a plastic model 12” TurboPiston Pump to demonstrate the working principle and a metal prototype for performance testing. In addition, this research includes the study of the discharge valve to estimate the valve closing time and fluid mass being recycled back into the cylinder through hand calculations. Furthermore, a transient simulation was performed in CFD using Fluent to provide a better estimate of what will happen in the actual pump while running. Additionally, an experimental rig was designed to investigate the performance of the first generation valve on the TurboPiston Pump known as the flapper valve. Means to improve the hydrodynamic performance of both valves have been identified for future study.

This thesis study is focused on experimentally investigating pump noise at design and off-design operations and its relations with pressure fluctuations. Small size pumps are placed in a semi-anechoic chamber and operated at various system conditions and various rotational pump speeds. Pump operational data, noise data and time dependent pressure data are recorded. Fast Fourier Transform spectra of noise and pressure data are compared. Coherence spectrum between sound pressure level and hydraulic pressures are obtained. Data processing, Fast Fourier Transform and cross correlation are conducted with specific software Soundbook SAMURAI. The experiments have indicated that system characteristics or pump size do not have any influence on the noise of pump. On the other hand, pump characteristics are found to be distinguishable by means of peak frequencies on the sound spectra which are proportional to blade passing frequency. Results of cross correlations also show that, pump outlet pressure is a more significant source of noise than pump inlet pressure.

Heart disease is the developed world's biggest killer, and the shortage of donor hearts has accelerated the development of mechanical alternatives. Scientists, engineers and clinicians have attempted to replicate the human heart with a mechanical device for over 50 years. Although a number of pulsating devices have been developed, and in some cases worked briefly, they have invariably failed to match the success of heart transplantation. In an attempt to produce a suitable alternative, current research is focused on devices that do not replace the heart; but rather work along side it to assist its function. Many of these devices help the failing left ventricle; however some patients require the additional implantation of a second device to assist a failing right ventricle. This increases implantation time and associated risk, and because of the size of the current devices, reduces the access of smaller patients to this vital technology. The overall thesis objective focuses on the progressive design, development and preliminary evaluation of two novel centrifugal type ventricular assist devices, a bi-left ventricular device (Bi-LVAD) and a single bi-ventricular assist device (Bi-VAD). The devices have the respective capability to assist either the left ventricle, or both ventricles of a failing heart. The current concept for each VAD employs both magnetic and hydrodynamic suspension techniques to float a rotating double impeller, a technique that aims to reduce blood damage and component wear, two of the major problems encountered with current generation devices. Each VAD design was developed by conducting experimentation and drawing conclusions from a variety of engineering research fields, such as flow visualization, rotary pump design and testing, fluid dynamics, hemodynamics and heart failure, and magnetic motor bearing design. In order to evaluate pump prototype designs, it was necessary to design and develop a novel pulsatile systemic and pulmonary mock circulation loop capable of reproducing the hemodynamics of heart failure in the systemic and pulmonary circuits. The investigation then specifically examined the static hydraulic forces on the impeller of a centrifugal blood pump during operation in this mock circulation loop. The recorded magnitude and direction of radial and axial thrust then influenced the selection of magnetic and hydrodynamic bearing configurations to minimise impeller touchdown in the intended hemodynamic environment. This research required the development of correctly designed impeller (semi-open/closed) and volute (single, double, circular) components for each ventricular assist application and a unique test facility to isolate impeller hydraulic forces in addition to the mock circulation loop. The proposed Bi-LVAD incorporates symmetrical blade designs on each side of the double sided impeller. The device assists the function of the left ventricle only with symmetrical axial pressure distribution and elimination of stagnant regions beneath the impeller. These features improve axial touchdown capacity and reduce thrombus formation respectively. The proposed Bi-VAD incorporates different blade designs on each side of the double impeller to augment the function of both the left and right cardiac chambers. The design has the additional potential to act as a total artificial heart (TAH). To date there is no Bi-VAD/TAH system available that incorporates an LVAD and RVAD in one rotary pump. Successful development of each innovative VAD will provide an alternative to heart transplantation, potentially saving lives of many terminal heart patients each year. No longer would heart transplant candidates need to wait for the untimely death of a donor to provide a suitable heart. Instead, this new generation device would be available immediately, and be almost universally compatible with all patients. It has the potential to dramatically increase a patient’s expected lifetime, and to deliver them a higher quality of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulioCS_DISSERT.pdf: 3237837 bytes, checksum: 5158084ee6f945389663f9068eb38d4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-17 / The oil industry`s need to produce with maximum efficiency, not to mention the safety and the environment aspects, encourages the optimization of processes. It makes them look for a level of excellence in acquisition of equipment, ensuring the quality without prejudice security of facilities and peoples. Knowing the reliability of equipment and that this stands for a system is fundamental to the production strategy to seeks the maximum return on investment. The reliability analysis techniques have been increasingly applied in the industry as strategy for predicting failures likelihood ensuring the integrity of processes. Some reliability theories underlie the decisions to use stochastic calculations to estimate equipment failure. This dissertation proposes two techniques associating qualitative (through expertise opinion) and quantitative data (European North Sea oil companies fault database, Ored) applied on centrifugal pump to water injection system for secondary oil recovery on two scenarios. The data were processed in reliability commercial software. As a result of hybridization, it was possible to determine the pump life cycle and what impact on production if it fails. The technique guides the best maintenance policy - important tool for strategic decisions on asset management. / A necessidade da ind?stria do petr?leo de produzir com o m?ximo de efici?ncia, sem esquecer os aspectos de seguran?a e meio ambiente, incentiva a otimiza??o dos processos produtivos, faz com que se busque atingir um n?vel de excel?ncia na aquisi??o de equipamentos, garantindo a qualidade sem preju?zo da seguran?a de instala??es e de pessoas. Conhecer a confiabilidade de um equipamento e o que esta representa para um sistema ? de fundamental import?ncia ? estrat?gia de produ??o quando se visa o m?ximo de retorno sobre o capital investido. As t?cnicas de an?lise de confiabilidade v?m sendo cada vez mais aplicadas na ind?stria como uma ferramenta estrat?gica para a predi??o da probabilidade de falhas e a garantia da integridade dos processos. Alguns fundamentos e teorias na ?rea de confiabilidade embasam as decis?es de se utilizar c?lculos estoc?sticos na estimativa de falhas de equipamentos. Esta disserta??o prop?e o uso de duas t?cnicas capazes de associar aspectos qualitativos (atrav?s de informa??es coletadas no campo com a opini?o de especialistas) e quantitativos (provenientes de bancos de dados de registros de falhas elaborados por empresas do segmento petrol?fero do mar do norte Europeu, mais conhecidos como Oreda). Este trabalho trata do uso dessas duas t?cnicas aplicadas em uma bomba centr?fuga, cujo sistema de inje??o de ?gua produzida ocorre em dois cen?rios poss?veis de opera??o : com manuten??o e sem manuten??o. Os dados obtidos nas avalia??es foram processados em software comercial de confiabilidade. Com o resultado desse hibridismo, foi poss?vel determinar o ciclo de vida da Bomba Centr?fuga e sua disponibilidade nesse per?odo e qual ser? o impacto na produ??o caso este venha a falhar. O uso dessa t?cnica permitir? orientar qual a melhor pol?tica de manuten??o ferramenta importante para a tomada de decis?es estrat?gicas na gest?o do ativo.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peres_GustavoSchultz_M.pdf: 3246760 bytes, checksum: 3e597eb1e2f79e14822d3a7a24d80128 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O método de elevação artificial através do bombeio centrífugo submerso (BCS) é amplamente conhecido na produção de petróleo. Uma alternativa a este método é o hydraulic submersible pump (HSP) que consiste de uma bomba submersa acoplada ao mesmo eixo de uma turbina hidráulica, que é acionada através do fluido a elevada pressão fornecido por uma bomba booster na superfície. As vantagens do sistema HSP em comparação ao (BCS) nas aplicações offshore tem sido discutidas, principalmente devido as suas características de ampla faixa operacional, altas velocidades de rotação e maior tempo médio entre falhas. Em vista disto, o presente estudo avalia o desempenho de uma bomba centrífuga operando como turbina, ou seja, operando em modo reverso, para o acionamento de outras bombas em sistemas de elevação de petróleo. O rotor de uma bomba submersa convencional, operando como turbina, foi investigado. Um arranjo experimental específico foi construído para as medidas dos parâmetros de desempenho, torque, velocidade de rotação, vazão e altura manométrica na turbina, coletados de acordo com dois procedimentos propostos. Curvas de desempenho de altura manométrica, potência de eixo e eficiência são apresentadas e uma comparação com o desempenho do mesmo rotor operando como bomba é discutida. Um método disponível na literatura para estimar os parâmetros de desempenho da turbina a partir dos respectivos parâmetros da bomba, foi utilizado para comparação com os dados experimentais / Abstract: The method of artificial lift through a conventional electrical submersible pump (ESP) is well known in petroleum production. The alternative hydraulic submersible pump technology (HSP) consists of a submersible pump coupled to the same shaft of a hydraulic turbine, which is driven by high pressure water from a surface booster pump. The advantages of the HSP system over the conventional ESP for offshore applications have been discussed, mainly due to its characteristics of wider operating range, higher rotation speeds and higher mean time to failure (MTTF). In view of this, the present study is aimed at the performance evaluation of a centrifugal pump working as turbine (PAT), i.e., operating in reverse mode, to drive another pumps in artificial lift systems. The impeller of a conventional submersible pump operating as turbine was investigated. A specific apparatus was built for measurement of performance parameters such as torque, rotation speed, flow rate and pressure drop through the turbine, collected according two proposed procedures. Performance curves such as head, brake power and efficiency are presented and a comparison with the performance of the same impeller operating as pump is discussed. A method available in the literature to derive the turbine performance parameters from the correspondent pump performance was used for comparison with data / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Orientador: Cecília Amélia de Carvalho Zavaglia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T09:00:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uebelhart_Beatriz_M.pdf: 3346622 bytes, checksum: f0a455713e558d11ecb3ef1e865148a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Uma Bomba de Sangue Centrífuga Implantável (BSCI) está sendo desenvolvida para ser utilizada como assistência circulatória em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares graves (DCVs). Para algumas doenças cardíacas, a única forma de tratamento é o transplante cardíaco. Um Dispositivo de Assistência Circulatória (DAV) pode ser utilizado para manter a vida do paciente enquanto ele aguarda na fila de espera por um transplante. A BSCI consiste de um DAV e é composta de protótipo, cânulas, motor, controlador, e fonte de energia. A complexidade geométrica de seu rotor dificulta sua construção através de processos de usinagem convencionais. Ao mesmo tempo, o aperfeiçoamento e construção de novos protótipos é essencial, pois permite a realização da análise de seu funcionamento, identificação e correção de falhas. A tecnologia selecionada que permite a construção rápida de um modelo tridimensional de geometria complexa é a prototipagem rápida (PR). Neste trabalho foram utilizados três diferentes tipos de processos de PR no desenvolvimento de protótipos da BCI para realização de testes "In Vitro" e "In Vivo". Os modelos físicos foram construídos através dos processos de Sinterização Seletiva a Laser (SLS), de Modelagem por Fusão e Deposição (FDM) e Estereolitografia (SLA). Através de análises qualitativas selecionou-se um dos processos para confecção dos protótipos da BSCI. Os protótipos foram submetidos a testes "In Vitro" e experimentos "In Vivo". A tecnologia de PR selecionada foi a Estereolitografia. O resultado do teste de desempenho hidrodinâmico apresentou-se satisfatório quando comparado a estudos anteriores. O teste em simulador demonstrou uma melhora nas condições fisiológicas simuladas quando um organismo simulado é submetido a assistência da BCI. Através dos testes "In Vivo" foi possível analisar o comportamento do protótipo e estudar técnicas de implante da BCI, os resultados se apresentaram satisfatórios / Abstract: An Implantable Centrifugal Blood Pump (ICBP) is being developed to be used as circulatory assistance in patients with severe cardiovascular diseases. For certain heart diseases, the only treatment is the heart transplant. A Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) can be used to maintain the patient's life while he waits for a heart transplant. ICBP consists of a VAD and is composed of a prototype, cannulae, motor, controller and energy source. Due the complexity of spiral geometry of the impeller, ICBP prototypes construction is difficult through conventional manufacturing processes. At the same time, the improvements and construction of new prototypes is essential because allows the performance analysis, identification and correction of failures. The chosen technology that allows fast construction of 3D models with complex geometry is Rapid Prototyping (RP). In this study were used three different technologies of RP to develop new ICBP prototypes and perform "In Vitro" and "In Vivo" tests. The physical models were constructed through the processes of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused and Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Stereolithography (SLA). Through qualitative analysis, between processes, one was selected to construct the ICBP 3D models. "In Vitro" and "In Vivo" tests were performed. SLA rapid prototyping process was selected to construct ICBP models. Hydrodynamic tests results presented satisfactory when compared with previous studies. Cardiovascular Simulator test results presented an improvement in simulated physiological conditions when the organism was submitted to ICBP assistance. Through "In Vivo" tests was possible to analyze the ICBP prototype performance and study ICBP implant techniques, and the results presented satisfactory / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestra em Engenharia Mecânica

This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon appearing in hydrodynamic pumps at the sub-optimal flow rate. This phenomenon is inlet recirculation, which is an undesirable phenomenon in the suction of the pump. This recirculation causes cavitation, pressure pulsations and may cause clogging of the suction line. The main goal of the diploma thesis is CFD simulation for the recirculation mode, identification of the flow phenomena, and designs of possible measures to suppress inlet recirculation.

ABSTRACT Photobioreactor Design for Improved Energy Efficiency of Microalgae Production Alexander Burns The objective of this research was to investigate a new photobioreactor (PBR) design for microalgae production that retains the typical advantages of existing tubular PBRs while reducing power consumption by providing simultaneous culture circulation and gas exchange with airlift alone and no centrifugal recirculating pump. Traditional tubular PBR designs feature a compressed air supply and a centrifugal pump for culture circulation and gas exchange. Circulation and gas exchange in a closed-system PBR is necessary to keep the algae suspended and to provide sufficient mass transfer (mainly for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide). In a traditional tubular PBR sparged air keeps the culture well mixed and strips out excess dissolved oxygen in an airlift-column unit, while the centrifugal pump circulates the culture in the tubular stage and decreases the amount of air bubbles traveling into this stage; where most of the photosynthesis occurs. The PBR design proposed herein does away with the usual centrifugal pump. The air blower performs both gas exchange in the airlift columns and system-wide circulation. This builds on a previous tubular PBR design that provides circulation and gas exchange by airlift alone, which was patented by Cathcart in 2011. However, the Cathcart patent does not provide data on mixing, gas exchange, energy consumption, flow regime or biomass productivity. The new design described here builds on the Cathcart design, but includes several unique design features, such as larger diffuser columns which provide airlift-induced flow for a series of vertical PBR tubes. To perform a power consumption v analysis, a pilot-scale prototype of the new PBR design was built and operated. The prototype PBR consisted of two airlift columns attached to 9 m of vertical serpentine tubing connected to the top and bottom by standard 90-degree PVC elbows in a U-bend fashion to each column to make a total working volume of 235 L. The airlift columns were about 1.5 m tall and 30.5 cm ID, while the serpentine tubes were about 0.9 m tall and 7.6 cm ID to make a total of five vertical tubes for every airlift column. Data collected for this prototype design suggest an average overall areal productivity (OAP) of 111 g m-2 d-1 (g biomass m-2 total land area with empty space day-1), an average illuminated surface productivity (ISP) of 14.3 g m-2 d-1 (g biomass m-2 reactor photo-stage day-1), an average volumetric productivity (VP) of 0.55 g L-1 d-1 (g biomass L-1 reactor working volume day-1), a specific power input in the range of 330 to 360 W m-3 (W power needed for culture circulation and gas exchange m-3 reactor working volume) and a specific biomass productivity (SBP) in the range of 17.6 to 19.1 mg kJ-1 (mg biomass kJ-1 energy needed for culture circulation and gas exchange) with Chlorella vulgaris as the model algae. The biomass productivity per energy input (SBP) of the new PBR design appears to be higher than that of similar designs currently described in the literature. Elimination of the centrifugal pump in a tubular PBR design is a concept worth further study for potential energy savings.

This thesis includes the theoretical part explaining problematic of centrifugal pumps, Y(Q) characteristics of these centrifugal pumps and stability of these characteristics, ways and conditions for stabilisation and adaptations heading to stabilisation.

This master's thesis includes theoretical analysis of characteristics of a centrifugal pump, conditions of stability of Y(Q) characteristic, calculation of characteristics ßč(ns), modifications leading to stabilization of a spiral body and a runner, a design of the spiral, the runner and follow-up computation in Fluent program.