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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The role of ceramide in apoptosis

Tepper, Annemiek Delina, January 2000 (has links)
Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.
2

The Role of Ceramides and Sphingomyelinases for Dynamic Membrane Processes in T Cells / Die Rolle von Ceramiden und Sphingomyelinasen für Dynamische Membranveränderungen in T-Zellen

Collenburg, Lena January 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Previous work of our group has established a role of sphingomyelinases in the regulation of T cell responses to TCR or pathogen stimulation, and this became particularly evident at the level of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. The formation of lipid membrane microdomains is crucial for receptor clustering and signal induction, and therefore, ceramide accumulation by membrane sphingomyelin breakdown is needed for signalling- complex-assembly. Pathogen-induced overshooting of SMase activation substantially impacted the formation of membrane protrusions, with T cell spreading as well as a front/rear polarisation upon CD3/CD28 co-stimulation [103]. On the other hand, NSM activation is part of the physiological TCR signal [67], indicating that a spatiotemporally balanced NSM activation is crucial for its physiological function. It involves actin cytoskeletal reorganisation and T cell polarisation. These two functions are also of central importance in directional T cell migration and motility in tissues. This thesis aims on defining the role of NSM in compartmentalisation of the T cell membrane in polarisation and migration. Therefore, functional studies on the impact of NSM activity in these processes had to be complemented by the development of tools to study ceramide compartmentalisation in living T cells. / Sphingolipide sind wichtige Komponenten der Plasmamembran, und besonders Ceramid stellt das Grundgerüst für komplexere Sphingolipide dar. Darüber hinaus bildet Ceramid Mikrodomänen aus, die für die Organisation von Rezeptoren, z. B. dem T-Zell-Rezeptorkomplex entscheidend sind und somit die Funktion von T-Zellen beeinflussen. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue azid-funktionalisierte Ceramide angewendet, die durch eine bio-orthogonale Click-Reaktion mit fluoreszenten Farbstoffmolekülen kovalent verbunden werden können. Dies ermöglicht die live-Verfolgung der Ceramide durch lebende und auch stimulierte Zellen, da die Aktivierbarkeit von T-Zellen durch die Zufütterung nicht beeinflusst wurde. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass N\(_3\)-C\(_6\)-cer in die Plasmamembran interkaliert und sich in Mikrodomänen, die durch eine Aktivierung der ASM nach CD28 Bindung entstehen, bewegt. Darüber hinaus wurde N\(_3\)-C\(_6\)-cer aus dem Zentrum der immunologischen Synapse zwischen T-Zellen und dendritischen Zellen oder Mikrokügelchen ausgeschlossen, wie zuvor in fixierten und mit Antikörper gefärbten T-Zellen gezeigt wurde. In migrierenden T-Zellen sammelte sich das N\(_3\)-C\(_6\)-cer am hinteren Ende der Zelle und beeinflusste die Bewegung der Zellen nicht. Dies unterstreicht die Anwendbarkeit dieser neuen Methode, um die subzelluläre Verteilung von Ceramiden in Lebendzell-Experimenten zu untersuchen. Sphingomyelinasen beeinflussen durch ihre Funktion die Verhältnisse von Sphingolipiden in der Plasmamembran und haben so Einfluss auf die Zytoskelettdynamik, die Zellpolarisation und die Rezeptororganisation. Es wurde bereits zuvor gezeigt, dass die neutrale Sphingomyelinase wichtig ist für die T-Zellaktivierung. Nun wurde darüber hinaus ihre Rolle in der gerichteten Migration und Adhäsion dargestellt. In vivo Hemmung der NSM reduzierte die frühe Wanderung von T-Zellen in die Lymphknoten, und detaillierte in vitro Analysen zeigten, dass die basale Aktivität der neutralen Sphingomyelinase für die gerichtete Migration entlang eines SDF-1\(\alpha\)-Gradienten notwendig ist. Darüber hinaus ist ihre Funktion wichtig für die T-Zell Polarisierung und hier besonders die Organisation von CXCR4 und pERM. Außerdem spielt die neutralen Sphingomyelinase eine Rolle in der Polymerisierung von F-Aktin nach einer Stimulation der T-Zellen mit SDF-1\(\alpha\). Auch die Adhäsion an das TNF\(\alpha\)/IFN\(\gamma\)-stimulierte Endothel sowie die Ausbildung und Organisation der offenen Form von LFA-1 hängen von der neutralen Sphingomyelinase ab. Für den Prozess der Transmigration war im Gegensatz hierzu nur die Funktion der sauren Sphingomyelinase von Bedeutung. Zusammenfassend konnte in dieser Arbeit die zentrale Rolle der Sphingomyelinasen für die T-Zell-Migration im ruhenden und stimulierten Zustand gezeigt werden. Die neutrale Sphingomyelinase reguliert die polarisierte Organisation von Rezeptoren und Zytoskelett-Komponenten, welche für eine gerichtete Migration und Adhäsion unabdingbar sind.
3

Role of ceramide-1-phosphate as a specific and potent activator of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha /

Subramanian, Preeti. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007. / Prepared for: School of Medicine. Bibliography: leaves 140-149. Also available online.
4

Ceramide kinase and ceramide-1-phosphate

Wijesinghe, Dayanjan Shanaka. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008. / Prepared for: Dept. of Biochemistry. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Bibliography: leaves 158-166.
5

Regulation of ceramide synthase 1 in cellular stress response

Sridevi, Priya. Alexander, Hannah Ben-Ze'ev. Alexander, Stephen, January 2008 (has links)
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 25, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Stephen Alexander and Dr. Hannah Alexander. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
6

Sphingolipid-induced activation of the volume-sensitive Cl- current is mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species

Raucci, Frank. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. / Prepared for: Dept. of Physiology. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Includes bibliographical references.
7

Study of ceramide glucosyltransferase : mechanism of inhibition by imino sugars

Narita, Keishi January 2001 (has links)
Ceramide glucosyltransferase (CGT) is a key enzyme in glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Inhibition of enzyme activity by an N-alkylated imino sugar, N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), has been evaluated for the therapeutic treatment of inherited glycosphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases. To develop more selective drugs for potential clinical use, further investigation of possible side effects and the design of a more selective inhibitor is required. One concern for clinical use of NB-DNJ is the potential activation of CGT in vivo. When rats were treated with various concentrations of NB-DNJ for 13 weeks to assess the depletion of glycosphingolipids and up-regulation of CGT activity, the reduction of ganglioside levels was observed following an increase in NB-DNJ dose level up to 180 mg/kg/day. However, CGT activity levels were not significantly affected by NB-DNJ treatment. The lack of CGT up-regulation while reducing GSLs by NB-DNJ would be desirable in the clinic to avoid a rapid accumulation of GSLs if patient treatment was concluded. To aid in design of highly selective inhibitors for CGT, enzyme kinetic studies were performed using recombinant human CGT and five different imino sugars. The recombinant enzyme showed similar enzyme kinetics to a native enzyme from HL-60 cells. All the tested imino sugars showed a mixed-type inhibition for ceramide, and an increase in N-alkyl chain provided an improved uncompetitive inhibition. These data suggest that CGT may have two different sites for binding of imino sugars, and the N-alkyl chain length may affect the preference for binding site. When the protein sequence of CGT was analysed using www server programs to predict protein structure, a Rossman fold was predicted in the nucleotide-binding domain as observed in other nucleotide-sugar glycosyltransferase structures. Also, a significant folding similarity to bacterial glycosyltransferase SpsA was predicted. Based on these observations, a possible inhibitor-binding mechanism is discussed that may aid the design of highly selective inhibitors for CGT.
8

Ceramide-mediated platform generation regulates apoptosis in vitro and in vivo /

Rotolo, Jimmy A.. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, May, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-143).
9

Sphingolipid signaling in human platelets /

Simon, Carl George. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1999. / Spine title: Sphingolipid signaling in platelets. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-144). Also available online through Digital Dissertations.
10

Fenretinide increases dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingolipids due to inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase

Zheng, Wenjing. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M. S.)--Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Alfred H. Merrill, Jr., Committee Chair ; Marion B. Sewer, Committee Member ; Eva K. Lee, Committee Member.

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