Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2005. / Adviser: Alan Garfinkel. Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-195)

Orientador: Rubens Pereira dos Santos / Banca: Susana Ramos Ventura / Banca: Francisco Cláudio Alves Marques / Resumo: Fradique Mendes é uma personagem criada entre 1868 e 1869 por Antero de Quental, Jaime Batalha Reis e Eça de Queirós como poeta e que, alguns anos mais tarde, reaparece em A Correspondência de Fradique Mendes (1900), romance escrito por Eça de Queirós. Esta personagem é retomada por José Eduardo Agualusa, em Nação Crioula: a correspondência secreta de Fradique Mendes (1997), obra na qual o escritor apresenta, através da publicação de suas cartas, aquela que seria uma parte desconhecida da história de Fradique Mendes, sua viagem para a África. Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o protagonista do romance angolano e para seu desenvolvimento optamos por sua divisão em três capítulos, nos quais discutiremos a releitura da personagem por José Eduardo Agualusa e sua inserção neste novo contexto, em contato com outras culturas, como a angolana e a brasileira. Pretendemos analisar as características, a maneira como se realiza sua adaptação, assim como a relação com temas como o tráfico de escravos entre África e Brasil. Esta pesquisa nos possibilita refletir sobre como o autor, por meio da retomada desta personagem, discute questões como a relação entre estes três países / Abstract: Fradique Mendes is a character created between 1868 and 1869 by Antero de Quental, Jaime Batalha Reis and Eça de Queirós as a poet and, a few years later, reappears in A Correspondência de Fradique Mendes (1900) novel written by Eça de Queirós. This character is resumed by José Eduardo Agualusa in Nação Crioula: a correspondência secreta de Fradique Mendes (1997), a work in which the writter presents, through the publication of his letters that would be an unknown part of the history of Fradique Mendes, his trip to África. This dissertation has as object of study the protagonist of the Angolan novel and for its development we chose to divide it in three chapters, in which we will discuss the re-reading of the character by José Eduardo Agualusa, the insertion in this new context, in contact with other cultures, such as Angolan and Brazilian. We intend to analyze the characteristics, the way how is realized its adaptation, as well as the relation with themes such as the slavery between Africa and Brazil. This research allow us to reflect how the author, through the resumption of this character, discuss questions as the relationship between these three countries / Mestre

Les recherches sur les Trois contes, considérés comme une oeuvre secondaire, n'avancent pas tellement en comparaison avec celles qui portent sur les autres oeuvres de Flaubert. Cependant les Trois contes représentent le dernier ouvrage complet de Flaubert et ils ont deux grandes particularités. La première est relative à la forme de l’oeuvre,c’est-à-dire le conte ; la deuxième se caractérise par l’emploi des trois dénominateurs communs qui se manifestent dans les romans de Flaubert : la fiction, l’histoire sacrée et l’histoire ancienne en Orient. De plus, l’action des contes se passe à diverses époques, de l’Antiquité au XIXe siècle.Dans cette recherche, en réfléchissant sur le motif qui poussent Flaubert à écrire les Trois contes, nous analysons l’évolution du processus créatif du point de vue des interactions des personnages et des épisodes dans chaque conte ainsi que dans la totalité des Trois contes, à fin de reconsidérer la conception littéraire de Flaubert qui continue à influencer la littérature moderne. Malgré la brièveté de cette oeuvre, Flaubert laissa de nombreux manuscrits, carnets et correspondances avant de parvenir aux aboutissements des textes définitifs. Il est donc indispensable d’interpréter l’avant-texte pour analyser les Trois contes.En fait, l’analyse des manuscrits nous confirme que la méthode de création de Flaubert selon laquelle il dédouble ses personnages et ses épisodes, forme une cohérence et en même temps un univers sans fin qui transcende les frontières non seulement entre des éléments divers à l’intérieur de chaque conte, mais aussi entre des époques et entre des cultures occidentales et orientales / Literary analyses concerning the Three Tales have not been as widespread as for some of Flaubert’s other notable literary works. However, the Three Tales have two essential characteristics making it one of Flaubert’s most important works. The first characteristic is that, compared to his other works, the Three Tales are relatively short. The second is that the Three Tales involve various themes found in many of Flaubert’s literary works. For example, in A Simple Heart, Flaubert shows his imaginative wizardry; in Saint Julian, writing about the legend of Saints, Flaubert revisits a common thread in his works; lastly, as he has done in the past, Flaubert sets his third tale, Herodias, in the Ancient Orient.In this thesis, the writer considers the motivation behind the writing of the Three Tales and also attempts to shed light on the evolution of Flaubert’s artistic imagination. This involves looking at the creation and description of the characters and theirjourneys. It is imperative that analysts attempt to decipher the subtext found in many of Flaubert’s notebooks and earlier manuscripts of the Three Tales, so as to better understand the profound impact that Flaubert has had on modern literature.Ultimately, in-depth analyses of Flaubert’s manuscripts shows how he created his stories. His unique style shows that he commonly spreads his main characters among his most important scenes in each tale. The author also describes Flaubert’s peculiarity for writing coherent stories, while transcended the boundaries of different elements in each tale and also between western and oriental cultures.

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 1997. / The primary aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the women characters in Joseph Conrad's works function in the narratives to present a 'saving illusion' which is in contrast to masculine existential despair. The women characters are characterised by 'being' not 'becoming'. They are also frequently associated with that which is stable because it is fixed, and with notions of courage, faith and fidelity. These notions constitute the 'saving illusion' for male characters who are threatened with moral collapse when illusions fail. The representation of the women characters as 'saving illusion' arises from a mythology of 'woman' which inheres in masculine imagination. In the terms of myth theory, Conrad's women characters can be said to offer the male characters the life-affirming possibilities that traditional myth does. The representation of the women characters as myth functions as a competing discourse with that of authoritative masculine discourse. The women characters' discourse is thus centrifugal in that it resists the centripetal, unitary discourse of male characters, and demonstrates that narratives are essentially heteroglossic rather than monoglossic. Women's discourse can either comply with or resist the way they are defined by male characters. Depicted as silent, passive and iconic, the women characters are also frequently attributed with unwavering commitment and fidelity. However their discourse seeks to resist such constructions. Mythologising women renders them 'other', and the underlying suspicion and awe that leads to their mythologising renders them objects in the relationships of knowledge and power. Women characters have their existence in patriarchal structures which bear a resemblance to colonial structures. Mythologised women are similar to colonised 'other' in that both serve to demarcate the space of the coloniser. Like the colonised subject, women are frequently associated with 'chthonian' forces of nature which the coloniser regards as threatening, uncontrollable and in need of taming. As mythologised, colonised 'objects', the women characters are in a state of ontological arrest; hence they do not participate in an exchange of knowledge because they are symbolised by it. A study of the women characters in the novels will reveal that they play significant roles in the mythologies of male characters, providing a 'sustaining illusion' which counters masculine disillusionment.

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Abstract Not Provided. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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