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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-235).

It is often important to detect an increase in the frequency of some event. Particular attention is given to medical events such as mortality or the incidence of a given disease, infection or birth defect. Observations are regularly taken in which either an incidence occurs or one does not. This dissertation contains the result of an investigation of prospective monitoring techniques in two distinct surveillance situations. In the first situation, the observations are assumed to be the results of independent Bernoulli trials. Some have suggested adapting the scan statistic to monitor such rates and detect a rate increase as soon as possible after it occurs. Other methods could be used in prospective surveillance, such as the Bernoulli cumulative sum (CUSUM) technique. Issues involved in selecting parameters for the scan statistic and CUSUM methods are discussed, and a method for computing the expected number of observations needed for the scan statistic method to signal a rate increase is given. A comparison of these methods shows that the Bernoulli CUSUM method tends to be more effective in detecting increases in the rate. In the second situation, the incidence information is available at multiple locations. In this case the individual sites often report a count of incidences on a regularly scheduled basis. It is assumed that the counts are Poisson random variables which are independent over time, but the counts at any given time are possibly correlated between regions. Multivariate techniques have been suggested for this situation, but many of these approaches have shortcomings which have been demonstrated in the quality control literature. In an attempt to remedy some of these shortcomings, a new control chart is recommended based on a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average. The average run-length performance of this chart is compared with that of the existing methods. / Ph. D.

No description available.

This study uses Monte Carlo simulation to examine the performance of a variable frequency sampling cumulative sum control chart scheme for controlling the mean of a normal process. The study compares the performance of the method with that of a standard fixed interval sampling cumulative sum control chart scheme. The results indicate that the variable frequency sampling cumulative sum control chart scheme is superior to the standard cumulative sum control chart scheme in detecting a small to moderate shift in the process mean.

Purpose: In May 2012 UK visual standards for driving changed, in order to comply with European laws. Drivers need to have both a visual acuity of 6/12 AND be able to read a number plate at 20 metres. Previously the number plate test was the only visual acuity test. Methods: Four different distance visual acuity charts were used (Snellen, logMAR letter-similar to ETDRS, logMAR Landolt ring, distance reading acuity- similar to MNRead chart) and were presented at 6m. 120 drivers were tested binocularly without refractive correction. Participants were taken outside to perform the number plate test at 20m. A second study was conducted, with 38 participants whose vision was impaired to approximately 6/12 using simulation spectacles. Results: Differences between the visual acuities as measured by the charts were statistically but not clinically significant. For all charts there is an overlap zone within which participants may pass only one of the two tests, outside this range, participants pass or fail both tests. The 6/12 cut-off provides reasonable sensitivity and specificity for Snellen and logMAR letter charts. A poorer acuity cut-off was needed with the Landolt chart to maximize the relationship with the number plate test. Conclusions: The 6/12 visual cut-off and the number plate test will not always pass or fail the same drivers. Snellen and logMAR letter charts are recommended to be used to measure the visual acuity of drivers, but not Landolt rings. Fifteen percent of the sample could read a number plate at 20m, but was not able to achieve either 6/12 or +0.30 logMAR. The overlap zone is a helpful tool to identify those people who need advice from Eye Care Practitioners.

University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology. / Department of Computer and Information Science

Control charts are designed to monitor population parameters. Selection of a control chart sampling plan involves determination of the frequency of samples, size of each sample, and critical values to determine when the system is sending an out-of-control signal. Since the main use of control charts is in industry, a widely accepted measure of a good sampling plan is one that minimizes the total cost of operating the system per unit time. Methods for selection of control chart sampling plans for economically optimal X charts are well established. These plans focus on single stage sampling at each sampling period. However, some populations naturally call for two stage sampling. Here, the cost of operating a system per unit time is redefined in terms of two stage sampling plans, and computer search techniques are developed to determine the control chart parameters. First the sample sizes and critical values are fixed, and Newton's method is used to determine the optimal time between samples. Then, a Hooke - Jeeves search is used to simultaneously determine the optimal critical value, sample sizes and time between samples. Adjustment to the latter is required whenever any of the other three parameters change. Alternative methods are also discussed. Information from a single sample is usually used to control shifts in both the process mean and variance. With two stage sampling, this means two additional control charts are used, one for each variance component. The computer algorithm developed for selection of parameters for X charts is adapted by expanding the Hooke Jeeves search region to a six dimensional space, now over three critical values, sample sizes for both stages of sampling, and the time between samples. These methods are applied to a real data set that requires two stage sampling. A representative analysis of the sensitivity of the optimal sampling scheme to the input parameters completes the paper. / Graduation date: 1990

The research method of this thesis is Case study and Yulon Motor Co. is an example for this case study. In order to find out the Yulon motor Co.¡¦s organization, constitution of departments and each different situation at that time, I collect the organizational charts which are about fifty years from the beginning of this company until now and the other inside historic data. By analyzing these data, I summarize the process of the organizational growth and change of Yulon motor Co. Therefore; there are some key points as the following: To begin with, the main organizational structure of Yulon motor Co. is by function. It sets up the benchmark of the complete organizational systems for motor industry in Taiwan, including: research & development, manufacturing and marketing system. Second, organizational tasks at each period would affect the adjustment of organizational structure. There are some main periods as the following: 1.The period was from 1951 to 1971-----Making the Wheel for Taiwan According to this task, the organizational structure was established at manufacturing and increased a few departments and responsibilities based on the needs of production. 2.The period was from 1981---Designing the automobile for Chinese and regain the rights of dealer business When the manufacturing technology was achieved to some level, the designing capability of motor outline was the main competition with the other motor companies. Immediately, Yulon Motor Co. set up the first design center compared with the other motor companies. In the meanwhile, it closed the relationship of dealer business with China Auto Co. Therefore, Yulon Motor Co. rebuilt the network of dealer business all over the Taiwan. It also led the inside of Yulon Motor Co. to reorganize the organizational structure of marketing system. 3.The period was from 1991----relocating the factory and office and reducing the business cost At the end of the 1994, Yulon Motor Co. relocated the other factories, center and office at San-Yi. At the same time, Company combined the same function on the organization and integrated the organizational structure into four systems, including: research & development, manufacturing, marketing and management system to reduce the business cost. This adjustment of the organizational structure made the Yulon Motor Co. abbreviate its original organizational structure and got a positive response from market. 4.The period was from 2001---to be a leader of motor moving value chain at Chinese market Owing to open market in Mainland China, designing the Chinese style on automobile is the main competition in the future. That¡¦s the reason why Yulon Motor Co. focuses on Chinese market as a company¡¦s vision. Third, the history of changing process on the organization of Yulon Motor Co. matches the research of Lawrence & Lorsch. From the history of Yulon Motor Co., it¡¦s easy to find out that the adjustment of organizational structure such as manufacturing, research & development and marketing would be changed by timing, environment and productive technology to achieve the organizational goals or to deal with the competitive outside environment. This kind of adjustment of organizational structure matches the survey¡¦s outcomes of Lawrence & Lorsch. It said that each department on the organization would develop its own function and structure to deal with the variety of outside environment. This survey investigates the ten companies at three different departments, including manufacturing, research & development and marketing department. At last, there are two main strategies for Yulon Motor Co. to overcome the obstacle of communication at different departments: 1.Set up a committee or a meeting of cross function team. 2.Do job rotation.