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English abstract The investigation of high- to ultrahigh-pressure rocks in the Bohemian Massif occurring as small bodies enclosed in surrounding rocks with a low degree of metamorphism was always focused on their main metamorphic event in granulite facies conditions at very high temperatures. However, recent studies have shown that these rocks underwent a high-pressure metamorphism that preceded the subsequent high-temperature overprint and exhumation of those rocks. The scientific publications that comprise this dissertation thesis present petrological, mineralogical and geochemical research of these (ultra)high pressure rocks from various parts of the Bohemian Massif that have the potential to preserve information about their pre-exhumation history. The findings of the inclusions of high-pressure phases in metamorphic minerals and, in particular, the study of major and trace elements zoning in garnets together with thermodynamic modelling allowed us to describe new temperature-pressure conditions and to refine the metamorphic paths of these rocks. The felsic and mafic granulites of the Kutná Hora Complex in the Moldanubian Zone and the Rychleby Mountains in the East Sudetes preserve the evidence of prograde metamorphism. In addition to the inclusions of phengite and omphacite in the garnet cores, the...