Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NelsonMR_DISSERT.pdf: 3505844 bytes, checksum: 0343681885fbc3af403199cf6a0f387d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The development has been a phenomenon in constant discussion today, whose fundamental importance should be to promote the welfare of humanity. Thus, the development becomes an element that adds political, economic, social and environmental values . In Mozambique the development model adopted by the State prioritizes the economic dimension, in this case favoring the growth of capitalist structure production. Thus , the basic conditions for human survival still leaves much to be desired and the Mozambican population in general and the district of Chibuto , in particular , continue to face several difficulties to have access to such conditions, and the lack of potable water is a that most of the problems afflicting this population . The water was always a factor related to the socio-economic development of the population, where great civilizations and major economic marks were always influenced by water availability, and today this feature is present in all sectors of production. In Mozambique, much effort has been made by the government, national and international organizations to enhance and guarantee the supply of potable and drinking water, and despite all this effort, most of the population does not have access to this precious resource. In this sense, this work presents an analysis of the effects of the National Water Policy in the study area, analyzes the shortage of potable water in the district of Chibuto, discusses the design and development contained in the official discourse of the state and, opposes the idea of human development. For such issues that help to understand the phenomenon under study, such as territory, public policy and criticism of hegemonic conception of development are addressed. To make the desired approach, we performed a characterization of the District of Chibuto, addressing the issue of poverty, with a brief discussion of this concept, from different approaches, and analyze the impact of the PARPA (Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty) in fighting poverty in Mozambique, and became a description of the scenario of poverty and vulnerability in Chibuto district with the construction of Territorial Human Development Index. Research also brings up a discussion about territory and technicization which describes the senary of the water supply system in the District and territorial dynamics of Chibuto, from the analysis and description of existing structures and other technical objects that structure the territory under study. Thus, it was found that the development should be summarized in the satisfaction of human needs, and should be the cornerstone of the new type of development that is intended for the purpose of triggering urgently actions to overcome or combat bleak misery suffered by the majority of inhabitants of the District of Chibuto / O desenvolvimento tem sido um fen?meno em constante discuss?o na atualidade, cuja import?ncia fundamental deveria ser a promo??o do bem estar da humanidade. Assim, o desenvolvimento passa a ser um elemento que agrega valores pol?ticos, econ?micos, social e ambiental. Em Mo?ambique o modelo de desenvolvimento adotado pelo Estado prioriza a dimens?o econ?mica, privilegiando neste caso o crescimento da estrutura produtiva capitalista. Assim sendo, as condi??es b?sicas para a sobreviv?ncia humana deixa ainda muito a desejar e a popula??o mo?ambicana, em geral, e do distrito de Chibuto, em particular, continuam a enfrentar v?rias dificuldades para ter acesso a tais condi??es, sendo a escassez de ?gua pot?vel um dos problemas que mais aflige essa popula??o. A ?gua foi sempre um fator vinculado ao desenvolvimento socioecon?mico dos povos, onde as grandes civiliza??es e os grandes marcos econ?micos foram sempre influenciados pela disponibilidade de ?gua, e hoje em dia esse recurso est? presente em todos os setores de produ??o. Em Mo?ambique muito esfor?o tem sido feito pelo governo, pelas organiza??es nacionais e internacionais visando ampliar e garantir o abastecimento de ?gua pot?vel, e apesar de todo esse esfor?o, a maior parte da popula??o ainda n?o tem acesso a esse precioso recurso. Neste sentido, o trabalho traz uma an?lise dos reflexos da Pol?tica Nacional de ?gua na ?rea de estudo, analisa a escassez de ?gua pot?vel no Distrito de Chibuto e discute a concep??o de desenvolvimento contido no discurso oficial do Estado, contrapondo com a ideia de desenvolvimento humano. Para tal s?o abordados temas que ajudam a compreender o fen?meno em estudo, tais como territ?rio, pol?ticas p?blicas e cr?tica a concep??o hegem?nica de desenvolvimento. Para viabilizar a abordagem pretendida, realizou-se uma caracteriza??o do Distrito de Chibuto, abordando a quest?o da pobreza, fazendo uma breve discuss?o sobre este conceito, a partir das diferentes abordagens, al?m de analisar o impacto do PARPA (Plano de A??o para Redu??o da Pobreza Absoluta) no combate da pobreza em Mo?ambique e, fez-se uma descri??o do cen?rio da pobreza e vulnerabilidade no distrito de Chibuto com a constru??o do ?ndice Territorial de Desenvolvimento Humano. Tamb?m a pesquisa traz uma discuss?o sobre territ?rio e tecnifica??o, descreve o sen?rio do sistema de abastecimento de ?gua no Distrito e olha para a din?mica territorial de Chibuto, a partir na an?lise e descri??o das estruturas existentes e outros objetos t?cnicos que estruturam o territ?rio em estudo. Assim, constatou-se que o desenvolvimento deve-se resumir na satisfa??o das necessidades humanas, devendo ser o pilar principal do novo tipo de desenvolvimento que se pretende, com a finalidade de desencadear, com urg?ncia, a??es com vista a superar ou combater a desoladora mis?ria que sofre a maior parte dos habitantes do Distrito de Chibuto

Student Number : 9707731W - PhD thesis - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies - Faculty of Science / Southern Mozambique has experienced changes in land-use and land-cover over the last 45 years. South Central Chibuto is a dynamic environmental change ‘hotspot’ of this region, and because of the socio-economic development that is taking place it is unveiling a number of land-use changes in Mozambique. In this research, environmental changes in the region are shown to be a function of various socioeconomic and biophysical drivers of change. A variety of research methods including interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images, analysis of archival material, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and structured interviews, have been used to derive some of the drivers of environmental change. These drivers of change include socio-economic factors, the colonial dual economy and the increase in cash crop production that led to negative impacts on some lands in the steep slopes of the ancient dunes, the post-independence policy of nucleation of settlements that has induced extensive conversions of land use together with the war and the recent shifts into a market economy that have led to further intensification of land use. The biophysical drivers include, among others but not limited to, fluctuations in rainfall, with periods of alternating dry and wet spells shaping land-use change, as well as single shock events, such as extreme droughts and floods. New factors, including the HIV/AIDS pandemic and globalization have been identified as having an impact on the livelihoods in the study area. A valuable, local-scale case or place-based case study approach is shown to enable a detailed and rich analysis of the complex trajectory of environmental change. Finally, lessons drawn from this study are shown to have the potential to inform policies for sustainable livelihoods in Mozambique.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 UmbelinaDaConceicaoVictorinoCossa_DISSERT.pdf: 3378635 bytes, checksum: d19a175f1d788d54dcc818e7ad3dcb68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / O presente estudo analisa o processo de gera??o e gest?o de res?duos s?lidos domiciliares na Cidade de Chibuto-Mo?ambique, tendo em conta as diferentes formas de destina??o existentes e as implica??es socioambientais decorrentes delas e espacialmente distribu?das. Para responder a esses objetivos, foi aplicado um question?rio aos 367 agregados familiares distribu?dos em 14 bairros da cidade sobre a forma como os res?duos s?lidos domiciliares s?o tratados e o seu impacto na sa?de p?blica dos residentes. Aliado a isso, o question?rio buscava responder sobre a proveni?ncia dos residentes (migra??o) e sua condi??o socioecon?mica. Para al?m do question?rio, recorreu-se ? entrevista semiestruturada, a qual foi aplicada ao setor de saneamento e de urbaniza??o do conselho municipal da cidade e ao Servi?o distrital da sa?de, mulher e a??o social. Acerca dessas t?cnicas de coleta de dados, desenvolveu-se tamb?m uma revis?o da literatura para a fundamenta??o te?rica e discuss?o mais profunda do assunto, assim como para observa??o sistem?tica do fen?meno. Da pesquisa averiguou-se que o servi?o de coleta de res?duos s?lidos efetuado pelo Conselho Municipal n?o obedece aos procedimentos consagrados no Regulamento sobre a Gest?o de Res?duos S?lidos, que preconiza gest?o ambientalmente segura, sustent?vel e racional dos res?duos, devido ao lan?amento a c?u aberto em lix?o. Ademais, essa coleta n?o abrange a todos os mun?cipes, por raz?es de ordem financeira, t?cnica e organizacional. Em suma, o estudo constatou que mais de 90% dos agregados familiares pesquisados se auxiliam do enterro, da queima e da deposi??o nas ruas como forma de tratamento dos seus res?duos s?lidos; e destes, na sua maioria, registram maior frequ?ncia de problemas de sa?de p?blica (doen?as de diarreia e da mal?ria), principalmente os residentes nas ?reas suburbana e periurbana. A partir disso, s?o propostas formas de gest?o de res?duos s?lidos domiciliares mais sustent?vel e espacialmente adequadas por meio da reciclagem, da coleta seletiva, da compostagem, da reutiliza??o e da redu??o da produ??o dos res?duos. / This study analyzes the process of generation and management of solid waste in the Municipality of the City of Chibuto-Mozambique, drawing on the different approaches towards allocation and the socio-environmental implications resulting from this process and waste spatial distribution. To answer these objectives a questionnaire was administered to 367 households distributed in 14 neighborhoods of the city to elicit information on how solid waste is treated and what could be its impact on public health of the residents. From this perspective, the questionnaire gasp information from immigrant residents regarding both their origin, and socio economic condition. Apart from the questionnaire, semi-structured interviews were conducted to staff working on the Sanitation Sector, Urbanization Sector of the Chibuto Municipality, including the Health Service, and Women and Social Affairs. In addition to these data collection methods, for further discussion on the subject, the researcher draw a theoretical framework grounded through literature review, as well as systematic observation of the phenomenon. Research findings revealed that the solid waste collection services provided by the Chibuto Municipality do not follow the procedures laid down in the Regulation on Solid Waste Management, which advocates environmentally safe, sustainable, and complete management of waste. First, the services use open dumps for waste management. Secondly, waste collection does not cover all citizens living in the neighborhoods governed by the municipality, due to financial, technical, and organizational reasons. More importantly, the study found that due to this failure, more than 90% of households surveyed continue to use the traditional methods on waste management which include burning, or the burial techniques. On the other hand, some citizens throw waste on the streets, a method that threatens public health because it increases cases of diseases related to sanitation problems such as (diarrhea and malaria), especially in suburban and peripheral urban areas. Concerning with the above mentioned problems which constitute a real threat to the public health, some ways are proposed for more sustainable and spatially appropriate solid waste management through recycling, waste sorting, composting, reuse, and reduction of solid waste generation.