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Factors associated with sensitive caregivers in Canadian childcare centresThompson, Deborah 11 1900 (has links)
This exploratory study focused on identifying the stuctural indicators of high quality
childcare that are associated with high levels of caregiver sensitivity. The participants in the
study were 318 caregivers employed in 234 Canadian childcare centres. Caregivers were
observed in their centres and their sensitivity was rated using the Caregiver Interaction Scale
(Arnett, 1989). Structural indicators of quality were identified through a Centre Questionnaire
and a Staff Questionnaire developed for the You Bet I Care! study (Goelman et al. 2000) sent
to centres prior to the observations. Using a median split, the caregivers' scores were divided
into high and low scores and the structural indicators of the two groups were compared. The
results were analysed first considering the scores of all observed caregivers together and then
as two separate groups: caregivers of infants and toddlers and caregivers of children aged 3 to
6 years. The analysis revealed that certain features of the centre and characteristics of the
caregiver were associated with higher levels of caregiver sensitivity. The features of the centre
that were associated with caregiver sensitivity included financial issues (eg. wages), staff
development, centre administration, and characteristics of the children in the centre.
Characteristics of the caregivers that were associated with sensitivity were caregiver attitudes
and beliefs, caregiver feelings about their work, and level of education. The results of this
study suggest that caregiver sensitivity which is related to positive developmental outcomes for
children may be enhanced through the active support of the larger community.
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Parental work and child-care in Canadian familiesGagne, Lynda Giselle 05 1900 (has links)
In 2000, 79 percent of married Canadian women between the ages of 25 and 44 were in
the labour force and 75 percent were employed.1 Many Canadian families with working parents
use costly child-care, and many of these families take advantage of the child-care expense
deduction (CCED): in 1998, 71 percent of families with pre-school children used child-care
services to work or study at a given point in time,2 and 868,460 taxfilers reported nearly $2.4
billion in child-care expenditures on 1,390,200 children.3 In this thesis, I examine the effects of
parental labour supply and child-care use on children, the impacts that child-care costs have on
the labour supply of married mothers, and the fairness of the tax system with respect to child-care
costs.
Chapters I, and V are introductory and concluding chapters, respectively.
In chapter II, I consider the question of whether parental labour supply and child-care use
affect child cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Parental labour supply reduces the amount of
time parents have for their children. On the other hand, parents can replace their own time with
child-care services and can also purchase more market goods with additional income earned at
work. I examine this question using the first three cycles of the National Longitudinal Survey of
Children and Youth (NLSCY), which provide both a large sample size and a rich source of data,
including controls for parenting skills. The possible joint detennination of labour supply and
child outcomes is also tested.
In chapter III, I estimate the impact of child-care costs on the return to work of married
Canadian women with children under three, using data from the 1988 Canadian National Childcare
Survey (CNCCS) and Labour Market Activity Survey (LMAS). Data from the 1995
Canadian General Social Survey indicate that Canadian mothers have split views on the issue of
whether parental labour supply has deleterious effects on child outcomes. Furthermore, women's
views on these issues tend to be consistent with their labour supply, suggesting their views may
affect whether they choose to work or not. If women's preferences for work are based on thenviews
and are correlated with other explanatory variables such as education and cost of care, the
estimated coefficients on these explanatory variables will be biased. In order to allow for these
potential differences in responsiveness to childcare costs, I estimate separate models where
current or previous occupation and weeks worked in the previous 12 months are used as control
variables in the estimation to account for heterogeneity of preferences.
In chapter IV of the thesis, I use data from the CNCCS and LMAS to examine the
vertical and horizontal equity of the CCED. Vertical equity is evaluated by comparing CCED
benefit rates for different family levels of earnings. This is done for dual earner families with
childcare costs and similar characteristics. Horizontal equity is examined by investigating
whether the existence of the CCED increases or decreases the difference between effective tax
rates of families with similar earnings but different labour supplies. I use measures of actual and
potential earnings to evaluate both vertical and horizontal equity.
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Factors associated with sensitive caregivers in Canadian childcare centresThompson, Deborah 11 1900 (has links)
This exploratory study focused on identifying the stuctural indicators of high quality
childcare that are associated with high levels of caregiver sensitivity. The participants in the
study were 318 caregivers employed in 234 Canadian childcare centres. Caregivers were
observed in their centres and their sensitivity was rated using the Caregiver Interaction Scale
(Arnett, 1989). Structural indicators of quality were identified through a Centre Questionnaire
and a Staff Questionnaire developed for the You Bet I Care! study (Goelman et al. 2000) sent
to centres prior to the observations. Using a median split, the caregivers' scores were divided
into high and low scores and the structural indicators of the two groups were compared. The
results were analysed first considering the scores of all observed caregivers together and then
as two separate groups: caregivers of infants and toddlers and caregivers of children aged 3 to
6 years. The analysis revealed that certain features of the centre and characteristics of the
caregiver were associated with higher levels of caregiver sensitivity. The features of the centre
that were associated with caregiver sensitivity included financial issues (eg. wages), staff
development, centre administration, and characteristics of the children in the centre.
Characteristics of the caregivers that were associated with sensitivity were caregiver attitudes
and beliefs, caregiver feelings about their work, and level of education. The results of this
study suggest that caregiver sensitivity which is related to positive developmental outcomes for
children may be enhanced through the active support of the larger community. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate
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Parental work and child-care in Canadian familiesGagne, Lynda Giselle 05 1900 (has links)
In 2000, 79 percent of married Canadian women between the ages of 25 and 44 were in
the labour force and 75 percent were employed.1 Many Canadian families with working parents
use costly child-care, and many of these families take advantage of the child-care expense
deduction (CCED): in 1998, 71 percent of families with pre-school children used child-care
services to work or study at a given point in time,2 and 868,460 taxfilers reported nearly $2.4
billion in child-care expenditures on 1,390,200 children.3 In this thesis, I examine the effects of
parental labour supply and child-care use on children, the impacts that child-care costs have on
the labour supply of married mothers, and the fairness of the tax system with respect to child-care
costs.
Chapters I, and V are introductory and concluding chapters, respectively.
In chapter II, I consider the question of whether parental labour supply and child-care use
affect child cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Parental labour supply reduces the amount of
time parents have for their children. On the other hand, parents can replace their own time with
child-care services and can also purchase more market goods with additional income earned at
work. I examine this question using the first three cycles of the National Longitudinal Survey of
Children and Youth (NLSCY), which provide both a large sample size and a rich source of data,
including controls for parenting skills. The possible joint detennination of labour supply and
child outcomes is also tested.
In chapter III, I estimate the impact of child-care costs on the return to work of married
Canadian women with children under three, using data from the 1988 Canadian National Childcare
Survey (CNCCS) and Labour Market Activity Survey (LMAS). Data from the 1995
Canadian General Social Survey indicate that Canadian mothers have split views on the issue of
whether parental labour supply has deleterious effects on child outcomes. Furthermore, women's
views on these issues tend to be consistent with their labour supply, suggesting their views may
affect whether they choose to work or not. If women's preferences for work are based on thenviews
and are correlated with other explanatory variables such as education and cost of care, the
estimated coefficients on these explanatory variables will be biased. In order to allow for these
potential differences in responsiveness to childcare costs, I estimate separate models where
current or previous occupation and weeks worked in the previous 12 months are used as control
variables in the estimation to account for heterogeneity of preferences.
In chapter IV of the thesis, I use data from the CNCCS and LMAS to examine the
vertical and horizontal equity of the CCED. Vertical equity is evaluated by comparing CCED
benefit rates for different family levels of earnings. This is done for dual earner families with
childcare costs and similar characteristics. Horizontal equity is examined by investigating
whether the existence of the CCED increases or decreases the difference between effective tax
rates of families with similar earnings but different labour supplies. I use measures of actual and
potential earnings to evaluate both vertical and horizontal equity. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate
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