This diploma thesis deals with the topic called "Preferences and Popularity of Individual Sports Branches by Children of Older School and Junior Age in Kolín". In the theoretic part I focused on definition of the main terms which occur in the name of the thesis as preferences, popularity, sports branch, children of older school age and children of junior age. Discovered data were processed on the basis of quantitative method via questionnaire survey and the evaluation was carried out via spreadsheet and statistical methods. The performed survey answered the stated survey questions from which emerged that children of older school age are more interested in performance sport. The most often performance sports done are football and dancing by both groups of the respondents. Further, girls would not change performance sport for their favourite one. Junior age children would like to do their favourite sport at performance level. Popularity of physical education does not vary by children doing sport for leisure or performance. KEYWORDS sport, sports branch, children, older school age, junior age, health, physical education, lifestyle, preferences, popularity