Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 11, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Yeung Kit Ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-106). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of Abbreviations --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vi / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Botany --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Food additives and food preservation --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Lipid peroxidation --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Role of food antioxidant --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Microbial spoilage --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Additives in future --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Antioxidant and health benefits effects --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Measurement of antioxidants --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- DPPH radical scavenging assay --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- β-carotene bleaching assay --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Assay for erythrocyte hemolysis mediated by peroxyl free radicals --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Measurement of lipid peroxidation in foods --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Antiproloiferative studies --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- MTT assay --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Cell Proliferation ELISA-BrdU (chemiluminescence) assay --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Cytotoxicity detection assay (LDH) --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6 --- Characterization of phenolic compounds --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Sephadex column chromatography --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Folin and Ciocalteu's assay --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7 --- Research objectives --- p.15 / Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Standards and reagents --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Plant materials --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3 --- Pigment preparation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4 --- Determination of antioxidant activity --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- DPPH. radical scavenging assay --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- β-carotene bleaching assay --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Assay for erythrocyte hemolysis mediated by peroxyl free radicals --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Determination of IC50 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5 --- Evaluation of CP as antioxidant in various food models --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Preparation of food samples --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Butter cookies --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Salad dressing --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Fried potato chips --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- PeroXOquant´ёØ quantitative peroxide assay --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.30 / Chapter 2.6 --- Determination of antimicrobial activity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Determination of antimicrobial activity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1.1 --- Bacterial stock --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1.2 --- Preparation of nutrient agar plate --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1.3 --- Minimal inhibiting concentration (MIC) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Determination of antifungal activity --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.2.1 --- Fungi stock --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.2.2 --- Preparation of potato dextrose agar plates --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.2.3 --- Growth inhibition effect --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.7 --- In vitro effect on human cell lines --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Cell lines --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Maintenance of cell lines --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- MTT assay --- p.35 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Cell Proliferation ELISA-BrdU (chemiluminescence) assay --- p.36 / Chapter 2.7.5 --- Determination of IC50 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7.6 --- Cytotoxicity detection assay --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7.6.1 --- Optimal cell concentration --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7.6.2 --- LDH detection assay --- p.38 / Chapter 2.7.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 2.8 --- Fractionation and characterization --- p.40 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Sephadex column chromatography --- p.40 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra --- p.40 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- Folin and Ciocalteu's assay --- p.40 / Chapter 2.8.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Determination of antioxidant activity --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- DPPH.radical scavenging assay --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- β-carotene bleaching assay --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Assay for erythrocyte hemolysis mediated by peroxyl free radicals --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Potential application as food antioxidant --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Peroxide standard curve --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in different food items --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3 --- Potential application as food preservative --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Antibacterial activity --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Antifungal activity --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4 --- In vitro effect on human cell lines --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effect on the growth of human cancer cells --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Antiproliferative effect on selected human cancer cells --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Cytotoxicity effect on selected human cancer cells and normal fibroblast --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Optimal cell density for cytotoxicity determined assay --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- Cytotoxic effect --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5 --- Fractionation and characterization --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Percentage of yield --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Determination of total phenolic content --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Determination of antioxidant activity --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Relationship between total phenolics and antioxidant activity --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- Antiproliferative effect on cancer cell --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Cytotoxic effect --- p.51 / Chapter 3.5.7.1 --- HepG2 human cancer cell line --- p.51 / Chapter 3.5.7.2 --- Hs68 human normal fibroblast --- p.51 / Chapter 4 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Application of CP as a natural food additive with multi-functions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- CP as a natural food antioxidant --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- CP as a natural food preservative --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2 --- Potential health-beneficial --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- CP as dietary antioxidant --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Antiproliferative activity of CP --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- Further characterization of CP --- p.94 / Chapter 4.4 --- Future perspectives --- p.96 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.97 / References --- p.98

No description available.

Leung Bo-Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-159). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / List of Abbreviations --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.ix / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Food colorants --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Caramel --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Classes of caramel --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Toxicological studies of caramel --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Castanea mollissima --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Antioxidants --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Background --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Methods used to evaluate the antioxidative activity --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- DPPH* scavenging method --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Microtox® test --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- Mutatox® test --- p.19 / Chapter 1.7 --- Methods used to evaluate the functions of major organs --- p.20 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Liver --- p.20 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Kidneys --- p.23 / Chapter 1.8 --- Toxicology --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.25 / Chapter 1.8.2 --- Chronic toxicity test --- p.26 / Chapter 1.9 --- Objective --- p.27 / Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Pigment characterization --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Stability test --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- HPLC separation of CP --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Determination of antioxidative activity with the DPPH* scavenging method --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Microtox® test --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5 --- Mutatox® test --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Animals --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Housing and maintenance --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Experimental design --- p.37 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Chemicals --- p.39 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- Clinical pathology test --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6.5.1 --- Haematology --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6.5.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.5.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.6.6 --- Histological study --- p.57 / Chapter 2.6.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 2.7 --- Chronic toxicity test --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Animals --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Housing and maintenance --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Experimental design --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Chemicals --- p.60 / Chapter 2.7.5 --- Clinical pathology test --- p.61 / Chapter 2.7.5.1 --- Haematology --- p.61 / Chapter 2.7.5.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.62 / Chapter 2.7.5.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.62 / Chapter 2.7.6 --- Histological study --- p.62 / Chapter 2.7.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1 --- Pigment characterization --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Stability test --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- HPLC separation of CP --- p.63 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Antioxidative activities of CP preparations --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- Microtox® test --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3 --- Mutatox® test --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Growth rate --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Food and fluid consumption --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Organ-weight --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Clinical pathology tests --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Haematology --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.4.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Histological study --- p.76 / Chapter 3.5 --- Chronic toxicity test --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Growth rate --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Food and fluid consumption --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Organ-weight --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Clinical pathology tests --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.4.1 --- Haematology --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.4.2 --- Blood chemistry --- p.80 / Chapter 3.5.4.3 --- Urinalysis --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Histological study --- p.82 / Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.137 / Chapter 4.1 --- Pigment characterization --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2 --- Toxicological studies of CP --- p.140 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.147 / References --- p.148