Thesis (MSc) - Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. / Typescript. Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science, Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 208-242).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-127).

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-127). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Western Sydney, 2007. / A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, Centre for Complementary Medicine, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008. / A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, Centre for Complementary Medicine, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

Hair plays an important role in human social and sexual communication. The androgen-stimulated, patterned loss of hair in cases of androgenetic alopecia (or common baldness) in genetically pre-disposed individuals, is associated with ageing and can cause marked phychological distress. However, it is poorly controlled. To investigate the effectiveness of daily topical application of a Chinese medicine-derived herbal mixture, Xiantene, on balding progression, two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (3 and 12 months) were carried out on balding men using the trichogram approach. Xiantene significantly increased both the total number of hairs and those in anagen, improving the ratio of anagen:telogen hairs. This suggests that topical Xiantene increased the length of the anagen phase and may promote a cessation, or partial reversal, of the progression of androgenetic alopecia in men. Canities, loss of scalp hair colour, is another mark of ageing. To investigate whether early greying may protect follicles from androgenetic alopecia, the extent of alopecia, assessed using the Hamilton scale, was compared between men who first became grey before, or after, 30. Both alopecia and greying increased with age in 843 men (217 European, 626 Thai) whenever they first started greying. However, men who showed greying before 30 were significantly less bald, though more grey, in both groups. Hair follicle melanocytes synthesise the pigment melanin, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress; losing melanocyte pigmentary activity, and therefore these toxic factors, appears to enable hair follicles to maintain their full size for longer, despite the androgen drive to miniaturisation.

Hair plays an important role in human social and sexual communication. The androgen-stimulated, patterned loss of hair in cases of androgenetic alopecia (or common baldness) in genetically pre-disposed individuals, is associated with ageing and can cause marked phychological distress. However, it is poorly controlled. To investigate the effectiveness of daily topical application of a Chinese medicine-derived herbal mixture, Xiantene, on balding progression, two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (3 and 12 months) were carried out on balding men using the trichogram approach. Xiantene significantly increased both the total number of hairs and those in anagen, improving the ratio of anagen:telogen hairs. This suggests that topical Xiantene increased the length of the anagen phase and may promote a cessation, or partial reversal, of the progression of androgenetic alopecia in men. Canities, loss of scalp hair colour, is another mark of ageing. To investigate whether early greying may protect follicles from androgenetic alopecia, the extent of alopecia, assessed using the Hamilton scale, was compared between men who first became grey before, or after, 30. Both alopecia and greying increased with age in 843 men (217 European, 626 Thai) whenever they first started greying. However, men who showed greying before 30 were significantly less bald, though more grey, in both groups. Hair follicle melanocytes synthesise the pigment melanin, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress; losing melanocyte pigmentary activity, and therefore these toxic factors, appears to enable hair follicles to maintain their full size for longer, despite the androgen drive to miniaturisation. / Tri-Mill Charitable Trust, Global Beauty International Management Ltd.

La gravité est un facteur environnemental majeur. C’est cette force qui a façonné la vie et le fonctionnement de notre organisme est intimement lié à la gravité. Pour rester en bonne santé, nous devons bénéficier de l’influence quotidienne de la gravité et d’un apport alimentaire adapté à notre activité physique. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier le remodelage vasculaire et la dysfonction endothéliale dans des modèles de sédentarité et de troubles métaboliques ainsi que d’explorer des moyens de contre mesures. Un alitement de 60 jours chez des sujets sains masculins induit un remodelage de la macrocirculation au niveau de l’artère fémorale ainsi qu’une dysfonction endothéliale au niveau de la microcirculation. La prise quotidienne d’extraits végétaux complexes issus de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise (Taikong Yangxin) a permis de prévenir l’atteinte endothéliale.Dans un modèle de rat diabétique avec atteinte vasculaire (rats GK),nous avons testé le salidroside, important composé issus du Taikong Yangxin. Bien qu’il n’ait pas d’effets sur le diabète, cecomposé a montré un effet bénéfique sur la vasodilatation endothéliale -dépendante et -indépendante. Dans une dernière partie nous avons étudié chez la souris l’implication du récepteur de type 2 à l’angiotensine et des récepteurs aux estrogènes dans les dysfonctions cardiovasculaires induite par une alimentation hypercalorique. L’inactivité physique induit un remodelage morphologique et fonctionnel au niveau de l’arbre vasculaire ce qui en fait un facteur de risque majeur et indépendant des maladies cardio-vasculaires. Des extraits végétaux simples ou complexes ont des effets bénéfiques sur les fonctions endothéliales. Le récepteur de type 2 à l’angiotensine et ses interactions possibles avec le récepteur aux oestrogènes pourrait être une cible pharmacologique comme contre mesure des atteintes vasculaires liées à l’environnement. / Gravity is a major environmental factor. This force that shaped the life and the functioning of our body is closely related to gravity. To remain healthy, we should benefit from the daily influence of gravity and a food intake adapted to our physical activity. The objective of this thesis is to study vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction in sedentary models and metabolic disorders and to explore ways of countermeasures. 60 days of head down bed rest in healthy male induce a macrocirculation remodeling at the femoral artery and an endothelial dysfunction at the microcirculation level. Daily intake of complex plant extracts from traditional Chinese medicine (Taikong Yangxin) helped to prevent endothelial dysfunction. In a diabetic rat model with vascular dysfunction (GK rats), we tested the salidroside, an important compound from the Taikong Yangxin. Although it has no effect on diabetes, this compound showed a beneficial effect on endothelial -dependent and -independent vasodilation. In the last part of our work, we studied the involvement of type 2 angiotensin receptor and estrogen receptor in cardiovascular dysfunction induced by a high calorie diet in mice. Physical inactivity induces morphological and functional remodeling in the vascular tree, making it a major risk factor independent of cardiovascular diseases. Simple or complex plant extracts have beneficial effects on endothelial function. Angiotensin type 2 receptor and its interaction with the estrogen receptor could be a pharmacological target as a countermeasure against vascular damage related to the environment.