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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Etude de nouveaux photosensibilisants pour des applications en Thérapie Photodynamique / Study of new sensitizers for applications in photodynamic therapy

Di Stasio, Benoît 31 October 2006 (has links)
Les dérivés de porphyrines sont impliqués dans de nombreux processus d'oxydoréduction. Ces composés conduisent à de nombreuses applications, dont la Thérapie Photodynamique (PDT). Il existe deux générations de dérivés de porphyrines qui sont actuellement remplacés par des composés de 3ème génération, plus actifs et entraînant moins d'effets secondaires. Ces composés sont capables de reconnaître spécifiquement et directement (par adressage) ou indirectement (par vectorisation) les cellules cancéreuses. Nous avons orienté notre travail vers la synthèse et l'évaluation biologique de composés tétrapyrroliques associés à des modules tels que des sucres ou des motifs peptidiques de type -RGD- qui permettent une reconnaissance spécifique des cellules cancéreuses, via les lectines ou les intégrines, respectivement. De plus, dans le cadre d'un programme européen Cost-Chemistry intitulé "New molecular systems with therapeutic applications in photodynamic therapy of cancer and microbial infections", nous avons étudié les propriétés photophysiques de nombreux photosensibilisants synthétisés par une équipe roumaine / Derived of porphyrins are tetrapyrrolic macrocycles involved in several redox processes. These compounds are used for different biological applications, like photodynamic therapy (PDT). Many teams in the world seek to synthesize compounds able to directly recognize specifically and (by targeting) or indirectly (by vectorization) cancer cells. These compounds are known as of 3rd generation. We are involved in the synthesis and the biological evaluation of tetrapyrrolic compounds associated to recognition and/or transport agents such as sugars or RGD-like peptide sequences. These moieties allow a specific recognition of the cancerous cells, via the lectins for the sugar moieties and the integrins for the RGD type moieties, respectively. Within the framework of an European Cost-Chemistry program entitled "New mo/ecu/ar systems with therapeutic applications in photodynamic therapy of cancer and microbia/ infections", we also studied the photophysical properties of photosensitizers synthesized by a Rumanian team
2

Potencial apoptótico de uma nova clorina anfifílica como fotossensibilizador para terapia fotodinâmica / Apoptotic potential of a new amphiphilic chlorine as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

Moritz, Milene Nóbrega de Oliveira 20 May 2014 (has links)
A Terapia Fotodinâmica (PDT) é uma técnica utilizada para tratar vários tipos de tumores em que a luz estimula um fotossensibilizador (FS) a gerar espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) que levam à morte celular por apoptose ou necrose. A partir de uma clorina (CHL), cuja nomenclatura é metilfeoforbídio, visando torná-la mais anfifílica foi adicionado o grupo TRISMA (CHL-T). Os vários parâmetros usados na PDT (tipo de FS, concentração do FS, tempo de incubação do FS e dose de luz) podem desencadear diferentes vias para apoptose. Poucos estudos sobre o tipo de morte celular induzido com clorinas têm sido realizados. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a citotoxicidade dessa nova clorina, assim como identificar o tipo de morte celular envolvido na PDT e elucidar a participação da proteína apoptótica p53 nesse processo comparando-se com CHL e HY. A hipótese principal deste trabalho é que esta nova clorina modificada tem maior eficiência na indução de apoptose. Para testar esta hipótese, foi avaliada a indução de apoptose por microscopia de fluorecência e por citometria e a citotoxicidade pelo ensaio do MTT de três FSs: uma clorina (CHL), a clorina modificada (CHL-T) e a hipericina (HY). As clorinas apresentaram maior acumulação para as duas linhagens celulares quando comparada com a hipericina. A fototoxicidade apresentada pela nova clorina foi cerca de 10 a 20 vezes maior que a clorina de origem (CHL) nas duas linhagens celulares como demonstrado pelos resultados do ensaio com MTT. Os testes realizados por microscopia de fluorescência resultaram numa porcentagem de morte celular crescente com o aumento das concentrações diferenciando maior apoptose causada por PDT com CHL-T nas células HEp-2 e maior necrose nas células HeLa. A análise da apoptose por citometria também apresentou um efeito muito superior da CHL-T em relação aos demais FSs estudados para apoptose inicial (80,35%) para a concentração de 0,52 \'mü\'M, tempo de incubação de 2h e dose de luz 6 J/\'CM POT.2\'. Já a detecção de ROS por citometria não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas para PDT nessas condições. Um discreto aumento na ativação de p53 com CHL-T e irradiação foi observado, porém não estatisticamente significativo. Os resultados sugerem que a indução da morte celular na PDT não depende dessa proteína e que a CHL-T tem excelente desempenho como FS em PDT. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique used in the treatment of various types of tumors in that light stimulates a photosensitizer (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. From a chlorine (CHL), whose nomenclature is methylfeoforbidio, hoping to make it over the amphiphilic the TRISMA group (CHL-T) has been added. Several parameters (type of PS, concentration of PS, incubation time and light dose) can trigger different apoptotic pathways. Few studies aiming the type of cell death induced by chlorines as a PS have been done. Thus, the objective of this project was to determine the cytotoxicity of this new chlorine, as well as identify the type of cell death involved in PDT as well as to elucidate the involvement of apoptotic protein p53 in this process comparing with CHL and HY. The main hypothesis of this study is that the modified chlorine has greater efficiency in the induction of apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, it was evaluated the induction of apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy and cytometry and the cytotoxicity by the MTT assay of three PSs: chlorine (CHL), the modified chlorine (CHL-T) and hypericin (HY).The chlorins accumulation was higher for the two cell lines compared with hypericin. Phototoxicity presented by the chlorin was about 10 to 20 times greater than by the chlorine source (CHL) for the two cell lines as demonstrated by the MTT assay. Tests conducted by fluorescence microscopy showed the percentage of cell death increased with increasing concentrations distinguishing higher apoptosis caused by PDT with CHL-T in HEp-2 cells and higher necrosis in HeLa cells. Analysis of apoptosis by flow cytometry also showed a superior response of CHL-T comparing to the others two studied PSs for initial apoptosis (80.35%) for concentration of 0.52 mM, incubation time of 2h and light dose 6 J/\'CM POT.2\'. However the detection of ROS by flow cytometry showed no statistically significant values for PDT in these conditions. A slight increase in the activation of p53 for CHL-T and irradiation was observed, but without being statistically significant. Thus, the results suggest that the induction of cell death in PDT does not depend on this protein and that CHL-T has excellent performance as a PS in PDT.
3

Potencial apoptótico de uma nova clorina anfifílica como fotossensibilizador para terapia fotodinâmica / Apoptotic potential of a new amphiphilic chlorine as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

Milene Nóbrega de Oliveira Moritz 20 May 2014 (has links)
A Terapia Fotodinâmica (PDT) é uma técnica utilizada para tratar vários tipos de tumores em que a luz estimula um fotossensibilizador (FS) a gerar espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) que levam à morte celular por apoptose ou necrose. A partir de uma clorina (CHL), cuja nomenclatura é metilfeoforbídio, visando torná-la mais anfifílica foi adicionado o grupo TRISMA (CHL-T). Os vários parâmetros usados na PDT (tipo de FS, concentração do FS, tempo de incubação do FS e dose de luz) podem desencadear diferentes vias para apoptose. Poucos estudos sobre o tipo de morte celular induzido com clorinas têm sido realizados. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a citotoxicidade dessa nova clorina, assim como identificar o tipo de morte celular envolvido na PDT e elucidar a participação da proteína apoptótica p53 nesse processo comparando-se com CHL e HY. A hipótese principal deste trabalho é que esta nova clorina modificada tem maior eficiência na indução de apoptose. Para testar esta hipótese, foi avaliada a indução de apoptose por microscopia de fluorecência e por citometria e a citotoxicidade pelo ensaio do MTT de três FSs: uma clorina (CHL), a clorina modificada (CHL-T) e a hipericina (HY). As clorinas apresentaram maior acumulação para as duas linhagens celulares quando comparada com a hipericina. A fototoxicidade apresentada pela nova clorina foi cerca de 10 a 20 vezes maior que a clorina de origem (CHL) nas duas linhagens celulares como demonstrado pelos resultados do ensaio com MTT. Os testes realizados por microscopia de fluorescência resultaram numa porcentagem de morte celular crescente com o aumento das concentrações diferenciando maior apoptose causada por PDT com CHL-T nas células HEp-2 e maior necrose nas células HeLa. A análise da apoptose por citometria também apresentou um efeito muito superior da CHL-T em relação aos demais FSs estudados para apoptose inicial (80,35%) para a concentração de 0,52 \'mü\'M, tempo de incubação de 2h e dose de luz 6 J/\'CM POT.2\'. Já a detecção de ROS por citometria não apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas para PDT nessas condições. Um discreto aumento na ativação de p53 com CHL-T e irradiação foi observado, porém não estatisticamente significativo. Os resultados sugerem que a indução da morte celular na PDT não depende dessa proteína e que a CHL-T tem excelente desempenho como FS em PDT. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique used in the treatment of various types of tumors in that light stimulates a photosensitizer (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. From a chlorine (CHL), whose nomenclature is methylfeoforbidio, hoping to make it over the amphiphilic the TRISMA group (CHL-T) has been added. Several parameters (type of PS, concentration of PS, incubation time and light dose) can trigger different apoptotic pathways. Few studies aiming the type of cell death induced by chlorines as a PS have been done. Thus, the objective of this project was to determine the cytotoxicity of this new chlorine, as well as identify the type of cell death involved in PDT as well as to elucidate the involvement of apoptotic protein p53 in this process comparing with CHL and HY. The main hypothesis of this study is that the modified chlorine has greater efficiency in the induction of apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, it was evaluated the induction of apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy and cytometry and the cytotoxicity by the MTT assay of three PSs: chlorine (CHL), the modified chlorine (CHL-T) and hypericin (HY).The chlorins accumulation was higher for the two cell lines compared with hypericin. Phototoxicity presented by the chlorin was about 10 to 20 times greater than by the chlorine source (CHL) for the two cell lines as demonstrated by the MTT assay. Tests conducted by fluorescence microscopy showed the percentage of cell death increased with increasing concentrations distinguishing higher apoptosis caused by PDT with CHL-T in HEp-2 cells and higher necrosis in HeLa cells. Analysis of apoptosis by flow cytometry also showed a superior response of CHL-T comparing to the others two studied PSs for initial apoptosis (80.35%) for concentration of 0.52 mM, incubation time of 2h and light dose 6 J/\'CM POT.2\'. However the detection of ROS by flow cytometry showed no statistically significant values for PDT in these conditions. A slight increase in the activation of p53 for CHL-T and irradiation was observed, but without being statistically significant. Thus, the results suggest that the induction of cell death in PDT does not depend on this protein and that CHL-T has excellent performance as a PS in PDT.
4

Modeling Vulnerability and Effectiveness of Chlorination in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

ATGIN, REFET SINEM 19 September 2008 (has links)
No description available.

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