Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1994. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-49).

Prenatal diagnostics is headed in several directions - towards visualization of fetuses and biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular genetic diagnostics in laboratories. Whereas visualization of fetuses does not a priori represent any direct risk for pregnancy and does not increase the number of potential pregnancy complications, this is not always the case with the laboratory testing. There are known risks connected with invasive methods of prenatal diagnostics. The number of potential unintentional pregnancy complications and losses as well as the technical and economic aspects of invasive prenatal diagnostics lead to attempts of identifying ways of detecting any potentially affected individuals by screening methods, thus minimizing the undesirable impact of invasive diagnostics on the pregnant population. The more precise the selective criteria, the lesser the number of pregnant women exposed to invasive exams. Another way of decreasing the number of unintentional complications in relation to invasive diagnostics is to simplify and improve the fetal samples harvesting methods during pregnancy. The work primarily focused on two areas: Determination of the relation between fraction shortening of the left and right ventricles and a fetal chromosomal complement, and verification of reliability of a new method...

Prenatal diagnostics is headed in several directions - towards visualization of fetuses and biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular genetic diagnostics in laboratories. Whereas visualization of fetuses does not a priori represent any direct risk for pregnancy and does not increase the number of potential pregnancy complications, this is not always the case with the laboratory testing. There are known risks connected with invasive methods of prenatal diagnostics. The number of potential unintentional pregnancy complications and losses as well as the technical and economic aspects of invasive prenatal diagnostics lead to attempts of identifying ways of detecting any potentially affected individuals by screening methods, thus minimizing the undesirable impact of invasive diagnostics on the pregnant population. The more precise the selective criteria, the lesser the number of pregnant women exposed to invasive exams. Another way of decreasing the number of unintentional complications in relation to invasive diagnostics is to simplify and improve the fetal samples harvesting methods during pregnancy. The work primarily focused on two areas: Determination of the relation between fraction shortening of the left and right ventricles and a fetal chromosomal complement, and verification of reliability of a new method...

In this thesis, we deal with the issue of invasive methods of prenatal care from a nursing perspective using standardized classification schemes NANDA, NIC and NOC, which offer many opportunities to streamline, simplify and improve the care of women who undergo invasive procedures. The theoretical part is focused on screening in prenatal care, individual invasive methods and the most common congenital malformations of the child. Furthermore, standardized classification systems NANDA, NIC and NOC, which represent a common nursing language. The empirical part of the dissertation is processed using qualitative strategy. To collect data, we selected the following research methods: content analysis of documents, evaluation using Fehring's model. The first goal was to detect and identify the problems that women face after amniocentesis (AMC), chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and cordocentesis and second goal was to assess the applicability of selected issues of classification systems NANDA, NIC and NOC with Fehring's model of validation of nursing diagnoses. Using content analysis, we have selected three nursing diagnosis from the NANDA International Taxonomy II, from publication of Nursing Interventions clasification (NIC) 3 nursing interventions and from Nursing Outcomes Clasification (NOC) 4 expected results, which are focused on the respondents after invasive methods. From selected nursing diagnoses of NANDA, NIC interventions and NOC expected results, we have developed a research form, specific questionnaire we submitted to the validation by respondents. The survey was carried out from January to March 2015 in the polyclinic GENNET Ltd. - Centrum of Medical genetics and reproductive medicine and in a private clinic OG Medical Center Ltd. The sample consisted of 34 intentionally selected respondents who underwent amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or cordocentesis. The outcome of this thesis is the basic concept of the nursing diagnosis, according to NANDA-I, NIC and NOC aimed at women after invasive methods for prenatal care. Research has shown that with the the vast majority of respondents significantly exhibited symptoms of fear and anxiety. In contrast, in terms of the respondents reported that the knowledge of the issue is sufficient. This result is influenced by the fact that respondents find a lot of information on the Internet, but that may not always be true. Unfortunately, the results showed that it is more a problem of communication and interest of the medical staff.

Ce travail de thèse se propose d’étudier le retard de croissance intra-utérin sous l’angle de la cytogénétique placentaire, avec deux approches distinctes et complémentaires. La première approche visera à réévaluer l’influence des anomalies chromosomiques limitées au placenta sur la croissance fœtale, car des études précédentes ont rapporté des résultats contradictoires à ce sujet. La première partie de ce travail permettra en outre d’étudier l’incidence et l’influence de la disomie uniparentale chez les fœtus issus des grossesses compliquées d’une anomalie chromosomique limitée au placenta. La deuxième approche de notre travail s’intéressera à la longueur de structures chromosomiques particulières, les télomères, au niveau placentaire. Il a récemment été décrit que la longueur des télomères des cellules placentaires était réduite au terme des grossesses compliquées d’un retard de croissance intra-utérin. La longueur télomérique placentaire n’a jamais été évaluée au cours de ces grossesses et pourrait potentiellement être utilisée comme biomarqueur placentaire du retard de croissance intra-utérin. La deuxième partie de ce travail nous permettra également d’évaluer le nombre de copies des régions chromosomiques portant les gènes codant pour les principales sous-unités du complexe enzymatique télomérase et de rechercher la présence d’agrégats télomériques au niveau placentaire en cas de retard de croissance intra-utérin. / This thesis proposes to study intrauterine growth restriction in terms of cytogenetics of placenta, with two distinct and complementary approaches. The first approach will be to reassess the influence of confined placental mosaicism on fetal growth, as previous studies have reported conflicting results on this issue. The first part of this work will also study the influence of fetal uniparental disomy in case of confined placental mosaicism. The second approach of our work will focus on the length of terminal chromosomal structures, telomeres, at the placental level. It has recently been reported that telomere length was reduced in placental cells collected at term in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Placental telomere length has never been evaluated in ongoing pregnancies and it could potentially be used as a placental biomarker of intrauterine growth restriction. The second part of this work will also focus on the copy number of chromosomal regions carrying genes encoding the main subunits of the telomerase enzyme complex and will look for the presence of placental telomeric aggregates in case of intrauterine growth restriction.