As both a philosopher and a Christian, John Macmurray (1891-1976), spent his life attempting to show that we are truly called to a life of unity with one another. He makes a strong philosophical case that to be properly human is to seek and to intend communion with others, and in his analysis of the nature of the human person he offers uS a way of understanding that the call to Christian unity is not simply a matter of pastoral effectiveness but one that expresses the deepest truth of our human being, that we are most fully ourselves when we are in communion with one another. The call to unity among the Christian Churches is one that has largely shaped pastoral and theological concerns over the last hundred years or more. The efforts of the World Council of Churches and the writings of many eminent theologians have pushed the question of ecumenism to the forefront of Christian consciousness. It is now generally recognised among Christians of all traditions that the failure of the Churches to give practical expression of the unity for which Christ prayed is itself a major obstacle to the proclamation of the Good News, and one that inhibits the message of Jesus from being properly heard and accepted by many who are seeking meaning in their lives. In terms of how best to achieve the unity that so many desire, there has long been a divide between those who argue that unity should come about through doctrinal agreement and those who say that, while doctrine tends to divide Christians, unity can be best achieved through a shared commitment to practical efforts to make the world a more peaceful, just and loving place. Something, however, that has been largely overlooked in the whole ecumenical question is the need to find an appropriate philosophical basis for unity among peoples and among the Churches. Without such a philosophical underpinning, the call to unity can easily be seen as simply a practical pastoral tool for the effective proclamation of the Gospel or as nothing other than emotive rhetoric. In the writings ofJohn Macmurray we· are able to find an approach to the question of ecumenism that provides us with just such a philosophical basis for unity. This dissertation engages in a close reading of both Macmurray's philosophical and religious views, and suggests that, despite some inconsistencies in his own approach, Macmurray offers the whole ecumenical project a significant philosophical basis for the notion that in seeking unity among the Christian Churches we are being faithful to our nature as human beings. While not denying the sincerity of the countless numbers of those who have committed themselves to the call for unity among Christians, the desire for unity needs to be fortified by an appropriate understanding of human nature. It is. argued that the ecumenical movement can be greatly enhanced by the kind of perspective that Macmurray brings to the whole question of unity. His voice still needs to be heard. / Thesis (M.Th.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.

Recent trends in theology have created an environment where the thought of John Macmurray, a twentieth-century Scottish thinker and Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, is increasingly relevant. In particular the reemergence of a robust trinitarianism has raised issues surrounding relational concepts of person and the nature of the relationship between human and divine persons. Macmurray's philosophy is cited as a contemporary example of persons in relation which parallels certain Cappadocian and Athanasian notions of the Trinity. The relationship between Macmurray's anthropology and his theology, however, is largely unexplored, due in part to confusion over the exact nature of his doctrine of God as well as the lack of a thorough exposition of his thought as a whole. Because of the highly integrated nature of Macmurray's work one cannot properly understand the philosophical, anthropological, or theological dimensions in isolation from each other. Therefore this thesis considers these three dimensions of Macmurray's thought, providing a systematization and clarification of his philosophy, anthropology, and theology. Through the interaction between the philosophical, anthropological, and theological aspects of Macmurray's thought the ontological and epistemological relationship between God and humanity surfaces. Ontologically Macmurray clearly differentiates between God and humanity. Yet epistemologically there is a necessary relation because all human knowing and reflection is conditioned and limited by human reality. Since Macmurray believes humans experience God, he believes all human knowledge of God must be expressed within the terms of human reality. This does not necessarily lead to anthropomorphism as long as one realizes one is speaking in a limited and theoretical fashion about God who is at least personal. Macmurray's thought is then used to critically engage the theology of Moltmann, Gunton, Torrance, Cunningham, and Lampe particularly with respect to their understandings of the divine-human relationship.

M.A.

Orientador: Jose Oscar de Almeida Marques / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T10:00:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Weinfortner_AlmirJose_M.pdf: 32069354 bytes, checksum: 701fee6dbae34818dcc3e8625087bfc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: o propósito básico deste estudo é procurar compreender a vontade débil a partir da relação conceitual entre a décadence e o Cristianismo. Para trilhar tal caminho, é imprescindível que sigamos as pegadas de Nietzsche, desenvolvendo uma crítica à religião, mais especificamente ao Cristianismo. O estudo tem início com a discussão acerca do fenômeno da crença religiosa, buscando o seu significado e fundamento. Um dos alicerces básicos deste primeiro momento é a atenção dedicada à estruturação do conceito de fé, tal como aparece em O Anticristo. Desenvolvida esta questão, num segundo momento procuramos compreender a vontade débil a partir do Cristianismo - segundo Nietzsche, melhor representante desse tipo de vontade. Alicerçamos este estudo na configuração do Cristianismo como um "mau inimigo", nos conceitos de "corrupção da vontade" e "compaixão" - elementos conceituais de importância considerável na caracterização do Cristianismo desenvolvida por Nietzsche. Esta discussão encaminha para o desenvolvimento do capítulo que trata do conceito de décadence. O estudo tem início com a apresentação do que Nietzsche considera sua "experiência pessoal com a décadence", da qual ele se considera um "mestre". Na seqüência do capítulo, aprofundamos a discussão do conceito de décadence, apresentando a influência que Nietzsche teve da leitura da obra Essais de psychologie contemporaine, de Paul Bourget, a partir das críticas que faz à Richard Wagner, em O Caso Wagner. Talvez seja nessas críticas que se pode perceber de uma forma melhor sistematizada as características do processo de décadence. Processo este que encontra na vontade asceta o seu melhor representante e no Cristianismo a sua melhor sustentação. Feitas discussões conceituais básicas, no final do capítulo procuramos mostrar, nas pegadas de Nietzsche, o Cristianismo como "religião da décadence". Por fim, no quarto e último capítulo, buscamos perceber os fundamentos da afirmação de que o Cristianismo é o principal represente da décadence, a partir de sua origem e caracterização histórica. Para tanto, seguimos o percurso conceitual desenvolvido por Nietzsche em O Anticristo, passando pela história de Israel, a interpretação do tipo psicológico de Jesus e sua desfiguração histórica, cujo principal responsável foi o apóstolo Paulo. Uma das principais preocupações da filosofia de Nietzsche foi a denúncia de um tipo de vontade que se quer forte negando os fundamentos da própria força, na afinnação de valores que enfraquecem o tipo homem.E aqui nos deparamos com o Cristianismo, como a religião responsável pela universalização desses valores. Desenvolvendo o percurso teórico apresentado neste estudo, procuramos compreender alguns dos traços da indignação filosófica nietzscheana / Abstract: The basic purpose of this research is to try to comprehend the weak wish from the conceptual relation between décadence and the Christianity. To thresh such way, it is essential to follow Nietzsche's footprints, developing a criticism to the religion, more specifically to the Christianity. The study has beginning with the discussion conceming the religious belief phenomenon, seeking your meaning and foundation. One of the basic foundations of this first moment is the dedicated attention to the faith concept structuring, just as it appears on The Antichrist. Developed this matter, in a second moment we try to comprehend the weak wish from Cristianity - according to Nietzsche, the best representative of this kind of wish. We base this study on the Christianity configuration as a "bad enemy", in the "wish corruption" concepts" and "compassion" - conceptual elements with considerable importance in Christianity's characterization developed by Nietzsche. This discussion forwardfor the chapter development that care for décadence concept. The study has beginning with the presentation that Nietzsche considers his "personal experience with décadence", in which he considers himself as a "master". In the chapter sequence, deepen décadence concept discussion, introducing the influence that Nietzsche had of the work reading Essais de psychologie contemporaine, of Paul Bourget, from his criticisms to Richard Wagner, in The Case of Wagner. Perhaps is in these criticisms that is possible to realize in a better systematized form the characteristics of décadence process. Process that finds in the weak wish your best representative and in the Christianity its best support. Done basic conceptual discussions, at the end of the chapter we try to show, in the footprints of Nietzsche, the Christianity as a "décadence religion". Finally, in the fourth and last chapter, we seek to realize the affinnation of the foundations that the Christianity is the principal representative of décadence, from its origin and historica1 characterization. For so much, we follow the conceptual route developed by Nietzsche in The Antichrist, passing through Israel's history, the interpretation of Jesus's psychological type and his historical disfigurement, which principal responsible was the apostle Paulo. One of the principal philosophy preoccupations of Nietzsche was the accusation of a kind ofwish that is wanted strongly denying the foundations ofthe force, in the values affinnation that weaken the man. And here we come across to the Christianity, as the responsible religion for universalization of these values. Developing the introduced theoretical route in this study, we try to comprehend some of the philosophical indignation nietzscheanna traces / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

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