This Master Thesis called Sedící muž (Sitting Man) consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. Theoretical part deals with the color from the various points of view from aspects of art and aesthetics, physics and optics and of physiology and psychology. The aim of the Practical part is to make a set of paintings depicting a sitting man by using different painting techniques, and by using the knowledge gained from the theoretical part. The main source of inspiration for the creation of the paintings is selected artists who have dealt with figural motif.

no / Image gradients - smooth changes in color and luminance - may be caused by intrinsic surface reflectance properties or extrinsic illumination phenomena, including shading, shadowing, and inter-reflections. In turn, image gradients may provide the visual system with information concerning the origin of these factors, such as the orientation of surfaces with respect to the light source. Color gradients induced by mutual illumination (MI) may play a similar role to that of luminance gradients in shape-from-shading algorithms; it has been shown that 3D shape perception modulates the influence of MI on surface color perception (M. G. Bloj, D. Kersten, & A. C. Hurlbert, 1999). In this study, we assess human sensitivity to changes in color and luminance gradients that arise from changes in the light source position, within a complex scene. In Experiment 1, we tested whether observers were able to discriminate between gradients due to different light source positions. We found that observers reliably detected a change in the gradient information when the light source position differed by only 4 deg from the reference scene. This sensitivity was mainly based on the luminance information in the gradient (Experiments 2 and 3). Some observers make use of the spatial distribution of chromaticity and luminance values within gradients when discriminating between them (Experiment 4). The high sensitivity to gradient differences supports the notion that gradients contain information that may assist in the recovery of 3D shape and scene configuration properties.

Yes / There has been an intense discussion among the public about the colour of a dress, shown in a picture posted originally on Tumblr (http://swiked. tumblr.com/post/112073818575/ guys-please-help-me-is-this-dress white-and; accessed on 10:56 am GMT on Tue 24 Mar 2015). Some people argue that they see a white dress with golden lace, while others describe the dress as blue with black lace. Here we show that the question “what colour is the dress?” has more than two answers. / The full text was made available at the end of the publisher's embargo, 14th May 2016

In Jordan, the fourth driest country in the world, demand for water exceeds available water resources. The annual per capita water availability is 145 Cubic Meter (CM) per year, which is below the international poverty line of 500 CM/year. The increasing water deficit year-on-year poses serious future threat that will impact many sectors. Water quantity and quality are essential issues in Jordan and more efforts are needed to find new water resources, and to protect and improve the available resources. This research seeks to study the relationship between Landuse/cover change and water quality in reservoirs in Jordan. Landuse changes were detected by using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images obtained for King Talal reservoir in 1990 and 2006 and for Karameh reservoir in 1998 and 2006. Geometric correction and supervised classification were utilized in ERDAS software. Turbidity levels within the two reservoirs were estimated by the chromaticity technique and were compared to measured data from previous reports for both reservoirs. Remote sensing was successful in detecting the changes in landuse in both areas. The estimated turbidity levels correlated moderately well with measured data from previous reports for the same reservoirs; it was difficult to directly relate a specific Landuse/cover for turbidity levels. Limitations were defined as data collection and quality problems, in addition to some theoretical issues about using Landsat for this study. / Master of Science

This thesis seeks to gain a better understanding on operating characteristics of the three primary color light emitting diode (LED). By applying direct, pulse and sinusoidal currents with dimming function on red, green, and blue LEDs, respectively, the operating characteristics are investigated, including electrical characteristics and their effects on the light efficiency, spectral power distribution, chromaticity on each color LED and the resultant color gamut. The analysis reveals that the illumination characteristics intimately relate to the driving current. LEDs that are driven by pulse currents with pulse-width-modulation (PWM) dimming have less color shift than those driven by direct and sinusoidal currents with amplitude modulation dimming. However, the problematic color shifting is not acceptable when LEDs with pulse current are dimmed at a lower level. Based on the investigation results, a dimming scheme with PWM and pulse- amplitude-modulation (PAM) is proposed to correct the chromaticity and hence to improve the color gamut.

Sob o ponto de vista de durabilidade, os concretos cromáticos merecem atenção especial, não apenas pelas suas propriedades físicas e químicas, mas principalmente pela sua utilização como elemento arquitetônico, o qual permite a confecção de elementos estruturais aparentes, deixando-os assim mais suscetíveis à ação destrutiva das intempéries. Poucos são os trabalhos publicados que apresentam o comportamento deste material ao longo do tempo e em sua maioria, os pesquisadores avaliam a resistência à compressão como forma de parâmetro de sua qualidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a influência da adição de pigmentos em algumas propriedades de durabilidade e na cromacidade de concretos de cimento Portland branco. Para isso, montou-se um programa experimental composto por 21 traços diferentes, onde foram realizadas combinações entre 2 tipos de pigmentos inorgânicos de bases químicas diferentes, adicionados em 4 teores (0, 3, 6 e 10%) e com 3 relações a/c (0,40; 0,55 e 0,70). Para cada traço foram moldados 17 cp's os quais se destinam aos ensaios de resistência à compressão, penetração acelerada de cloretos, carbonatação, absorção de água por capilaridade e cromacidade. Todos os resultados experimentais, foram modelados estatisticamente. Os modelos obtidos nos ensaios mostram que o teor de adição e o tipo de pigmento não exercem influência significativa sobre a durabilidade do concreto. O teor de adição, apesar de significativo, pouco alterou a resistência à compressão; houve um acréscimo de cerca de 2 e 5% para os pigmentos verde e vermelho, respectivamente. Quanto à cromacidade; com a adição de 6% do pigmento vermelho o concreto já atinge tonalidades próximas a cor original do pigmento, ao passo que os concretos com pigmentos verde é necessária a adição de 10% para se obter tonalidades mais escuras e mais próximas a cor do pigmento. / Considering the durability of chromatic concrete, one can see it deserves special attention, not only because of its physical and chemical properties, but manly for its use as an architectonic element, which allows the making of apparent structural elements more susceptible to weather destructions. There are few publications reporting the situation of this material towards time, since most of the researchers evaluate the resistance of chromatic concrete to compression as a parameter to its quality. Within this context, the present study aims to analyze the influence of the addition of pigments into some durability proprieties and into the chromaticity of the white Portland cement concrete. An experimental program, with 21 different traces, was designed; combinations between 2 types of inorganic pigments from different chemical bases added with 4 contents (0, 3, 6 and 10%) and with 3 relations a/c (0,40; 0,55 e 0,70) were conducted. For each content, 17 cp’s were molded to the trials of: resistance to compression, chlorite accelerated penetration, carbonation, water absorption due to capillarity, and chromaticity. All the experimental results were statistically molded. The models obtained in the trials show that the addition content and the type of pigment do not exert significant influence upon the durability of concrete. The addition content, although significant, demonstrated a little difference in terms of resistance to compression; there was an increase around 2 and 5% for the green and red pigments, respectively. For chromaticity, the 6% addition of red pigment makes the concrete color similar to the original pigment, whereas the green pigment requires a 10% addition in order to obtain a darker and more similar color to the original green.

Sob o ponto de vista de durabilidade, os concretos cromáticos merecem atenção especial, não apenas pelas suas propriedades físicas e químicas, mas principalmente pela sua utilização como elemento arquitetônico, o qual permite a confecção de elementos estruturais aparentes, deixando-os assim mais suscetíveis à ação destrutiva das intempéries. Poucos são os trabalhos publicados que apresentam o comportamento deste material ao longo do tempo e em sua maioria, os pesquisadores avaliam a resistência à compressão como forma de parâmetro de sua qualidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a influência da adição de pigmentos em algumas propriedades de durabilidade e na cromacidade de concretos de cimento Portland branco. Para isso, montou-se um programa experimental composto por 21 traços diferentes, onde foram realizadas combinações entre 2 tipos de pigmentos inorgânicos de bases químicas diferentes, adicionados em 4 teores (0, 3, 6 e 10%) e com 3 relações a/c (0,40; 0,55 e 0,70). Para cada traço foram moldados 17 cp's os quais se destinam aos ensaios de resistência à compressão, penetração acelerada de cloretos, carbonatação, absorção de água por capilaridade e cromacidade. Todos os resultados experimentais, foram modelados estatisticamente. Os modelos obtidos nos ensaios mostram que o teor de adição e o tipo de pigmento não exercem influência significativa sobre a durabilidade do concreto. O teor de adição, apesar de significativo, pouco alterou a resistência à compressão; houve um acréscimo de cerca de 2 e 5% para os pigmentos verde e vermelho, respectivamente. Quanto à cromacidade; com a adição de 6% do pigmento vermelho o concreto já atinge tonalidades próximas a cor original do pigmento, ao passo que os concretos com pigmentos verde é necessária a adição de 10% para se obter tonalidades mais escuras e mais próximas a cor do pigmento. / Considering the durability of chromatic concrete, one can see it deserves special attention, not only because of its physical and chemical properties, but manly for its use as an architectonic element, which allows the making of apparent structural elements more susceptible to weather destructions. There are few publications reporting the situation of this material towards time, since most of the researchers evaluate the resistance of chromatic concrete to compression as a parameter to its quality. Within this context, the present study aims to analyze the influence of the addition of pigments into some durability proprieties and into the chromaticity of the white Portland cement concrete. An experimental program, with 21 different traces, was designed; combinations between 2 types of inorganic pigments from different chemical bases added with 4 contents (0, 3, 6 and 10%) and with 3 relations a/c (0,40; 0,55 e 0,70) were conducted. For each content, 17 cp’s were molded to the trials of: resistance to compression, chlorite accelerated penetration, carbonation, water absorption due to capillarity, and chromaticity. All the experimental results were statistically molded. The models obtained in the trials show that the addition content and the type of pigment do not exert significant influence upon the durability of concrete. The addition content, although significant, demonstrated a little difference in terms of resistance to compression; there was an increase around 2 and 5% for the green and red pigments, respectively. For chromaticity, the 6% addition of red pigment makes the concrete color similar to the original pigment, whereas the green pigment requires a 10% addition in order to obtain a darker and more similar color to the original green.

abstract: ABSTRACT 1. Aposematic signals advertise prey distastefulness or metabolic unprofitability to potential predators and have evolved independently in many prey groups over the course of evolutionary history as a means of protection from predation. Most aposematic signals investigated to date exhibit highly chromatic patterning; however, relatives in these toxic groups with patterns of very low chroma have been largely overlooked. 2. We propose that bright displays with low chroma arose in toxic prey species because they were more effective at deterring predation than were their chromatic counterparts, especially when viewed in relatively low light environments such as forest understories. 3. We analyzed the reflectance and radiance of color patches on the wings of 90 tropical butterfly species that belong to groups with documented toxicity that vary in their habitat preferences to test this prediction: Warning signal chroma and perceived chromaticity are expected to be higher and brightness lower in species that fly in open environments when compared to those that fly in forested environments. 4. Analyses of the reflectance and radiance of warning color patches and predator visual modeling support this prediction. Moreover, phylogenetic tests, which correct for statistical non-independence due to phylogenetic relatedness of test species, also support the hypothesis of an evolutionary correlation between perceived chromaticity of aposematic signals and the flight habits of the butterflies that exhibit these signals. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2013

Sob o ponto de vista de durabilidade, os concretos cromáticos merecem atenção especial, não apenas pelas suas propriedades físicas e químicas, mas principalmente pela sua utilização como elemento arquitetônico, o qual permite a confecção de elementos estruturais aparentes, deixando-os assim mais suscetíveis à ação destrutiva das intempéries. Poucos são os trabalhos publicados que apresentam o comportamento deste material ao longo do tempo e em sua maioria, os pesquisadores avaliam a resistência à compressão como forma de parâmetro de sua qualidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a influência da adição de pigmentos em algumas propriedades de durabilidade e na cromacidade de concretos de cimento Portland branco. Para isso, montou-se um programa experimental composto por 21 traços diferentes, onde foram realizadas combinações entre 2 tipos de pigmentos inorgânicos de bases químicas diferentes, adicionados em 4 teores (0, 3, 6 e 10%) e com 3 relações a/c (0,40; 0,55 e 0,70). Para cada traço foram moldados 17 cp's os quais se destinam aos ensaios de resistência à compressão, penetração acelerada de cloretos, carbonatação, absorção de água por capilaridade e cromacidade. Todos os resultados experimentais, foram modelados estatisticamente. Os modelos obtidos nos ensaios mostram que o teor de adição e o tipo de pigmento não exercem influência significativa sobre a durabilidade do concreto. O teor de adição, apesar de significativo, pouco alterou a resistência à compressão; houve um acréscimo de cerca de 2 e 5% para os pigmentos verde e vermelho, respectivamente. Quanto à cromacidade; com a adição de 6% do pigmento vermelho o concreto já atinge tonalidades próximas a cor original do pigmento, ao passo que os concretos com pigmentos verde é necessária a adição de 10% para se obter tonalidades mais escuras e mais próximas a cor do pigmento. / Considering the durability of chromatic concrete, one can see it deserves special attention, not only because of its physical and chemical properties, but manly for its use as an architectonic element, which allows the making of apparent structural elements more susceptible to weather destructions. There are few publications reporting the situation of this material towards time, since most of the researchers evaluate the resistance of chromatic concrete to compression as a parameter to its quality. Within this context, the present study aims to analyze the influence of the addition of pigments into some durability proprieties and into the chromaticity of the white Portland cement concrete. An experimental program, with 21 different traces, was designed; combinations between 2 types of inorganic pigments from different chemical bases added with 4 contents (0, 3, 6 and 10%) and with 3 relations a/c (0,40; 0,55 e 0,70) were conducted. For each content, 17 cp’s were molded to the trials of: resistance to compression, chlorite accelerated penetration, carbonation, water absorption due to capillarity, and chromaticity. All the experimental results were statistically molded. The models obtained in the trials show that the addition content and the type of pigment do not exert significant influence upon the durability of concrete. The addition content, although significant, demonstrated a little difference in terms of resistance to compression; there was an increase around 2 and 5% for the green and red pigments, respectively. For chromaticity, the 6% addition of red pigment makes the concrete color similar to the original pigment, whereas the green pigment requires a 10% addition in order to obtain a darker and more similar color to the original green.

This thesis deals with the description of artificial light sources, that use light-emitting diodes for their operation. Further down, the parameters of LEDs and their emissions are detailed. The work follows with the characterization of principles of LED power regulation. In the practical section, an example of one of the possible LED light source topologies, is designed. The offered solution includes the options to manually and automatically regulate the chromaticity of emitted light. Functionality of the solution was verified experimentally.