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No description available.

The determination of carbon monoxide is also possible by trapping CO on preconditioned molecular sieve and thermal desorption. Analysis in this case is performed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, although the trapping technique is applicable to other suitable GC techniques.

No description available.

A modified ascending thin layer chromatographic technique has been developed which resolves the major phospholipid and neutral lipid classes of five common fluids and tissues. A one-half milliliter sample is extracted with n-butanol:diisopropylether (40:60 by volume, cholesteryl acetate = 100 ng/ul) for thirty minutes and the organic phase is spotted onto a thin layer chromatography plate and carried through three successive chromatographic developments. The lipids are then visualized either by charring with ammonium bisulfate or staining with phosphomolybdic acid. The use of cholesteryl acetate as an internal standard enables quantitation of the phospholipids and neutral lipid classes. This method may be a very valuable, new technique for research and clinical laboratories.

Purification of lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (from both a washed cell suspension and crude culture supernatant as the enzyme source) was performed utilizing affinity chromatography. Affinity chromatography was carried out using n-dodecylamine bound to Sepharose 4B. Chromatography of the concentrated crude culture supernatant resulted in a 65 to 95 fold purification with 5.8% recovery. Washed cells collected from a ten hour culture suspended in water also produced enzyme. Activity of the washed cell suspension supernatant was found to be 4.5 fold higher than the activity of the culture supernatant. A thirty percent recovery was obtained using the washed cell suspension supernatant. The washed cell suspension provides a cleaner preparation for use with the dodecylamine-agarose chromatography in purifying the enzyme.

Four mechanisms were considered as possible causes of the loss in resolution for a Dionex CG2 ion chromatography resin: 1) presence of inorganic ions strongly bound to the active sites; 2) adsorption of organic species; 3) physical alterations; and 4) chemical alterations. The instrumental analyses used to gather data were ICP, FT-IR, SEM, solid C-13 NMR and IC. Based on the results, no metal ions are bound to the resin, no organic species are held onto the resin, and no physical change was observable. The cause for the loss of resolution is a strong reduction in the number of active sites in the resin as confirmed by elemental analysis for the sulfur in the sulfonic acid present in the active sites.

Lipids are important for the structural and physiological functions of neuronal cell membranes. Alterations in their lipid composition may result in membrane dysfunction and subsequent neuronal deficits that characterise various disorders. This study focused on profiling lipids of aged and LPS-treated rat brain and liver tissue with a view to explore the effect of atorvastatin in neuroinflammation, and examining lipid changes in different areas of rat brain of the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a genetic model of depression. Lipids and other analytes extracted from tissue samples were analysed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/ESI-MS/MS). Changes in the lipid profiles suggested that brain and liver responded differently to ageing and LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In the aged animals, n-3 PUFA were reduced in the brain but were increased in the liver. However, following treatment with LPS, these effects were not observed. Nevertheless, in both models, brain concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids was increased while the liver was able to maintain its monounsaturated fatty acid concentration. Atorvastatin reversed the reduction in n-3 PUFA in the aged brain without reducing brain and liver concentration of cholesterol. These findings further highlight alterations in lipid metabolism in agerelated neuroinflammation and show that the anti-inflammatory actions of atorvastatin may include a modulation of fatty acid metabolism. When studying the FSL model, there were differences in the lipid profile of different brain areas of FSL rats compared to Sprague-Dawley controls. In all brain areas, arachidonic acid was increased in the FSL rats. Docosahexaenoic acid and ether lipids were reduced, while cholesterol and sphingolipids were increased in the hypothalamus of the FSL rats. Furthermore, total diacylglycerophospholipids were reduced in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus of the FSL rats. These results show differences in the lipid metabolism of the FSL rat brain and may be suggestive of changes occurring in the brain tissue in depression.

No description available.

No description available.