Leung Chin-lung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-164). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.iv / 摘要 --- p.vi / List of abbreviation --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- A Health Burden --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Pathology --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Epidemiology --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Global HCC distribution --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Age and Gender --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Risk Factors of HCC --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Chronic HBV infection --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Role of HBV in hepatocarcinogenesis --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 a) --- Direct Oncogenesis --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 b) --- Indirect Oncogenesis --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- Chronic HCV infection --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- Role of HCV in hepatocarcinogenesis --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Chemicals as liver carcinogens --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- Aflatoxin Bi (AFB1) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.3.2 --- Vinyl chloride --- p.29 / Chapter 1.4.3.3 --- Alcoholic beverages --- p.29 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Inborn Errors in Metabolisms --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Hereditary tyrosinemia --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Hereditary haemochromatosis --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.4.3 --- α1-antitrypsin deficiency --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Liver lesions --- p.32 / Chapter 1.5 --- Genetic alterations in HCC --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Rationale of the study --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- LOH study on 8p in HCC --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "Knudson's ""two-hit"" model and LOH" --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Microsatellite DNA and LOH study --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Patients and Specimens --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Genomic DNA extraction from liver tissues --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Genomic DNA extraction from buffy coat --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3 --- LOH study on 8p in HCC --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Microsatellite markers --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 5-end labeling --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Amplification of microsatellite DNA --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Detection of LOH --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- LOH status of 52 HCC cases --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Clinicopathological correlation --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Delineation of common deletion region (CDR) --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Common deletion region of interest --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Study on LZTS1 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction 一 LZTS1 --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mutation analysis of LZTS1 in HCC --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Patients and HCC cell lines --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Genomic DNA extraction from HCC cell lines --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- Amplification of exons of LZTS1 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.1.3a) --- Primer pairs --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.1.3b) --- PCR conditions --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- Purification of PCR products --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.1.5 --- Cycle sequencing reaction --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2.1.6 --- Purification of cycle sequencing reaction product --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2.1.7 --- Sequence analysis by automated sequencer --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.1.8 --- Search for sequence variants of LZTS1 --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3 --- Expression analysis of LZTS1 in HCC with preliminary results --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Patients and Specimens --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Reverse transcription --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- Semi-quantitative PCR --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.1.4a) --- Primer pairs --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.1.4b) --- PCR conditions --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Results --- p.109 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.111 / Chapter 5.1 --- LOH study on 8p in HCC --- p.111 / Chapter 5.2 --- Study on LZTS1 in HCC --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Mutation analysis of LZTS1 --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Expression analysis of LZTS1 --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3 --- Future Study --- p.132 / References --- p.133