Le Strontium 90 (90Sr) est un radionucléide d’origine anthropogénique, relâché en grandes quantités dans l’environnement à la suite d’essais nucléaires aériens ou d’accidents d’installations nucléaires. Le 90Sr persiste à long terme dans l’environnement, ce qui conduit à la contamination chronique par ingestion de populations des territoires contaminés. L’induction de tumeurs osseuses liées à la fixation du 90Sr a été largement décrite. Par contre, l’occurrence d’effets non cancéreux est beaucoup moins connue. Nous avons utilisé un modèle murin avec une contamination chronique par ingestion d’eau contenant 20 kBq/l de 90Sr. Une étude de biocinétique a confirmé l’accumulation de 90Sr dans les os, avec un taux d’accumulation plus rapide durant la croissance osseuse. Cette accumulation est plus élevée dans les os des femelles que chez les males. Les doses absorbées au corps entier varient de 0.33 ± 0.06 mGy (naissance) à 10.6 ± 0.1 mGy (20 semaines). La dose au squelette peut aller jusqu’à 55 mGy. L’ingestion de 90Sr induit une modification de l’expression des gènes impliqués induisant à un déséquilibre favorisant la résorption osseuse, mais sans répercussion sur la morphologie de l’os. Aucun effet majeur n’a été observé pour le système hématopoïétique. Par contre, des modifications mineures du système immunitaire ont été observées. Afin d’évaluer la fonctionnalité du système immunitaire, un test de vaccination avec les antigènes TT et KLH a été utilisé. Les résultats montrent chez les animaux contaminés une diminution significative de la production d’immunoglobulines spécifiques, une modification de la balance Th1/Th2 dans la rate et une différenciation lymphoïde B perturbée. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre certaines des conséquences non cancéreuses de l’exposition chronique à faible dose à des radionucléides à demi-vie longue pouvant être rejetés accidentellement. / Strontium 90 (90Sr) is a radionuclide of anthropogenic origin released in large quantities in the environment as a result of nuclear atmospheric tests or accidents at nuclear facilities. 90Sr persists on a long-term basis in the environment, leading to chronic contamination by ingestion of populations living on contaminated territories. The induction of bone tumours associated with the fixation of 90Sr has been widely described. However, the occurrence of non-cancer effects is much less known. We used a mouse model with chronic contamination by ingestion of water containing 20 kBq/l of 90Sr. A biokinetic study confirmed the accumulation of 90Sr in the bones, with an increased rate of accumulation during bone growth. This accumulation was higher in the bones of females than in males. The whole-body absorbed doses ranged from 0.33 ± 0.06 mGy (birth) to 10.6 ± 0.1 mGy (20 weeks). The absorbed dose for the skeleton was up to 55 mGy. Ingestion of 90Sr induced a change in the expression of genes inducing an imbalance in favour of bone resorption, but without effect on bone morphology. No significant effect was observed for the hematopoietic system. On the other hand, minor modifications were observed for the immune system. To evaluate the functionality of the immune system, a vaccination test with TT and KLH antigens was used. Results showed in contaminated animals a significant decrease in the production of specific immunoglobulins, changes in the Th1/Th2 balance in the spleen and a disrupted B lymphocyte differentiation. These results improve the understanding of some of the non-cancerous consequences of chronic exposure at low dose of radionuclides with a long half-life, which can be accidentally released.

Strontium 90 (90Sr) is a radionuclide of anthropogenic origin released in large quantities in the environment as a result of nuclear atmospheric tests or accidents at nuclear facilities. 90Sr persists on a long-term basis in the environment, leading to chronic contamination by ingestion of populations living on contaminated territories. The induction of bone tumours associated with the fixation of 90Sr has been widely described. However, the occurrence of non-cancer effects is much less known. We used a mouse model with chronic contamination by ingestion of water containing 20 kBq/l of 90Sr. A biokinetic study confirmed the accumulation of 90Sr in the bones, with an increased rate of accumulation during bone growth. This accumulation was higher in the bones of females than in males. The whole-body absorbed doses ranged from 0.33 ± 0.06 mGy (birth) to 10.6 ± 0.1 mGy (20 weeks). The absorbed dose for the skeleton was up to 55 mGy. Ingestion of 90Sr induced a change in the expression of genes inducing an imbalance in favour of bone resorption, but without effect on bone morphology. No significant effect was observed for the hematopoietic system. On the other hand, minor modifications were observed for the immune system. To evaluate the functionality of the immune system, a vaccination test with TT and KLH antigens was used. Results showed in contaminated animals a significant decrease in the production of specific immunoglobulins, changes in the Th1/Th2 balance in the spleen and a disrupted B lymphocyte differentiation. These results improve the understanding of some of the non-cancerous consequences of chronic exposure at low dose of radionuclides with a long half-life, which can be accidentally released.