Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:28Z No. of bitstreams: 5 crisley.pdf: 2081607 bytes, checksum: 90ca0fb9cd507118e713cc82f093637a (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T09:27:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 crisley.pdf: 2081607 bytes, checksum: 90ca0fb9cd507118e713cc82f093637a (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T09:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 crisley.pdf: 2081607 bytes, checksum: 90ca0fb9cd507118e713cc82f093637a (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / A busca por energias alternativas, sustent?veis e economicamente vi?veis, colocou em destaque o uso dos biocombust?veis. Os estudos recentes apontam o uso de biomassas residuais como candidatas potenciais para produ??o de bioenergia. Nesse contexto, a presente disserta??o teve por objetivo ava-liar a torta de dend? como insumo para produ??o de etanol de segunda gera??o por meio de estudos que envolveram etapas de pr?-tratamento ?cido e alcalino, sacarifica??o e fermenta??o. Inicialmente foi determinada a composi??o centesimal da torta de dend?, indicando a presen?a de 53,2% de car-boidratos totais, dos quais 32% referente a fra??o de celulose. Para otimiza??o do pr?-tratamento ?cido foi aplicado um Planejamento Fatorial atrav?s de delineamento composto central rotacional. O programa STATISTICA Vers?o 8.0 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa,) foi utilizado para an?lise dos dados. O pr?-tratamento com ?cido sulf?rico dilu?do resultou na remo??o de pelo menos 82% da hemicelulose presente na torta de dend?. O pr?-tratamento alcalino subsequente foi capaz de remover pelo menos 72% da lignina da biomassa, um interferente do processo fermentativo. Na sequ?ncia o processo de sacarifica??o foi otimizado com o uso de delineamento composto central rotacional com 3 fatores, 4 pontos centrais e 6 pontos axiais, onde foram avaliadas a concentra??o de celulases, a raz?o s?lido-l?quido e o tempo. O hidrolisado enzim?tico obtido em condi??o otimizada, com 80% de convers?o da celulose a a??cares redutores, foi submetido ? fermenta??o com Saccharomyces cerevisiae apre-sentando um YP/S de 0,49 com 5,4%(v/v) de ?lcool no mosto fermentado. Os dados obtidos indicaram que a torta de dend? avaliada apresenta elevado potencial para produ??o de bioetanol de segunda gera??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT The search for alternative energies, sustainable and economically viable, highlighted the use of biofuels. Recent studies indicate the use of residual biomass as potential candidates for bioenergy production. In this context, the present dissertation aimed at evaluating the palm cake as a feedstock for the production of second generation ethanol through studies involving acid and alkaline pretreatment steps, saccharification and fermentation. Initially it was determined the chemical composition of palm cake, indicating the presence of 53.2% of total carbohydrates, of which 32% related to cellulose. To optimize the pretreatment was applied a Factorial Design by central composite rotational design. The program STATISTICA version 8.0 (Statsoft Inc., Tulsa,) was used for data analysis. Pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid resulted in the removal of at least 82% of the hemicellulose present in palm cake. The subsequent alkaline pretreatment was able to remove at least 72% of the lignin from the biomass, an interfering of fermentation. Further the saccharification process was optimized by the use of central composite design with three factors, fourth central points and six axial points, evaluating the concentration of cellulase, the solid-liquid ratio and the time. The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained under optimized conditions with 80% conversion of cellulose to sugars was subjected to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing an YP/S of 0.49 based on 5.4% (v/v) of alcohol in the fermented must. The data indicated that the palm kernel cake evaluated presents high potential for production of second generation bioethanol.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:44Z No. of bitstreams: 5 jus.pdf: 3394180 bytes, checksum: 71d0ff7761a41fcaa36b37cfba79f687 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:26:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 jus.pdf: 3394180 bytes, checksum: 71d0ff7761a41fcaa36b37cfba79f687 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 jus.pdf: 3394180 bytes, checksum: 71d0ff7761a41fcaa36b37cfba79f687 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Atualmente os nanotubos de carbono (NTC) representam um importante grupo de nanomateriais com atrativas propriedades qu?micas, eletr?nicas e mec?nicas. Estes materiais podem ser combinados a pol?meros, de maneira a moldar as propriedades f?sicas desses compostos (nanotubos-pol?mero), aumentando sua condutividade el?trica, estabilidade qu?mica e resist?ncia mec?nica. O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimentoum material comp?sitonanoestruturado ? base de polianilina (PANI) e nanotubos de carbono de paredes m?ltiplas(MWCNT), para tal, os NTC foram funcionalizados com agrupamentos amina (PEG-NH2). A inser??o do grupamento amina junto aos NTC (PEG-MWCNT) foi confirmada atrav?s da caracteriza??o deste material utilizando as t?cnicas de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de fourrier(FT-IR) e Espectroscopia de Energia dispersiva de Raios-X. Foi produzido um eletrodo modificado atrav?s da polimeriza??o do mon?mero anilinaem presen?a dos NTC funcionalizados denominado PANI/PEG-MWCNT. Foram analisadas as propriedades do comp?sito PANI/PEG-MWCNT pelas t?cnicas de Voltametria c?clica e Espectroscopia de Imped?ncia Eletroqu?mica, atrav?s das quais foi verificado que a presen?a combinada dos NTC e da PANI favorece forma??o de um material comp?sito com propriedades sin?rgicas. Al?m disso, atrav?s da Microbalan?a Eletroqu?mica de Cristal de Quartzo pode-se constatarque a dopagem da PANI com PEG-MWCNT favorece o transporte de pr?tons significativamente. Atrav?s da t?cnica de microscopia eletroqu?mica de varredura foi poss?vel evidenciar que existem mais s?tios ativos na superf?cie do filme de PANI/PEG-MWCNT do que na superf?cie da PANI devido ? incorpora??o uniforme dos MWCNT. Finalmente, o eletrodo modificado com o material comp?sito foi utilizado como plataforma no desenvolvimento de um biossensor enzim?tico, pela imobiliza??o da enzima HRP (HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT). O biossensor HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT apresentou um ?timo suporte para aredu??o de per?xido de hidrog?nio a baixo potencial (-100 mV) vs Ag/AgCl, bem como alta sensibilidade (1.01) ?Acm-2 ?M?1e baixo limite de detec??o de 0,5 ?M L-1. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Currently carbon nanotubes (NTC) represent an important group of nanomaterials with attractive properties (chemical, electronic and mechanical). These materials can be combined with polymers in order to shape their physical properties of these compounds (nanotube-polymer), increasing its electrical conductivity, chemical stability and mechanical strength. In fact, this study shows the production of a nanostructured composite material based on polyaniline (PANI) and carbon nanotubes multi-walled (MWCNT), for this, the NTC were functionalized with amine groups (PEG-NH2). The insertion of the amine grouping together to NTC (MWCNT-PEG) was confirmed by the characterization of this material using the techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray. A modified electrode was produced through polymerization in the presence of PANI called NTC functionalized PANI/PEG-MWCNT. The properties of the composite PANI/MWCNT-PEG were examined by cyclic voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, it was found that the combined presence of the NTC and polyaniline in the modified electrode provides a formation of a composite material with synergistic properties. Furthermore, through the technique of Electrochemical Microbalance Quartz Crystal can be seen that doping of PANI with PEG-MWCNT facilitates significantly the transport of protons. Finally, through the technique of scanning electrochemical microscopy was possible to show that there are more active sites on the surface of the film of PANI / MWCNT-PEG than on the surface of PANI due to the incorporation of MWCNT uniform. Lastly, the modified electrode composite material was used as a support for a biosensor for immobilization of the enzyme HRP (HRP/PANI/PEG-MWCNT). The biosensor HRP/PANI/MWCNT-PEG showed a great support for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide at a low potential (-100mv) vs Ag / AgCl as well as high sensitivity (1.01) ?A cm-2 mM-1 and low detection limit 0.5 ?m.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 5 lindomar.pdf: 4197857 bytes, checksum: 529e21e13238b7b71e5ddffb7f4e7b91 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2111 bytes, checksum: f5c843397da71f5d32b775fd8c4cbf56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T09:29:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 lindomar.pdf: 4197857 bytes, checksum: 529e21e13238b7b71e5ddffb7f4e7b91 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2111 bytes, checksum: f5c843397da71f5d32b775fd8c4cbf56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T09:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 lindomar.pdf: 4197857 bytes, checksum: 529e21e13238b7b71e5ddffb7f4e7b91 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2111 bytes, checksum: f5c843397da71f5d32b775fd8c4cbf56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / Eletrodos constitu?dos de ?-PbO2 foram preparados via eletrodeposi??o, mediante inclus?o dos ?ons Fe3+ e F- na mistura precursora, usando como substratos tela de a?o (ASTM 316) e tecido de carbono, visando a produ??o eletroqu?mica de oz?nio (PEO) em um reator filtro-prensa conduzida na aus?ncia de eletr?lito l?quido. A an?lise das micrografias de MEV para ambos substratos revelaram que em baixas concentra??es dos dopantes houve a forma??o de gr?os bem definidos com uma ?rea superficial uniforme. A an?lise de Raios-X para ambos substratos revelou o desfavorecimento da forma??o da fase ?-PbO2 para a maioria da concentra??o dos dopantes. Estudos cronopotenciom?tricos evidenciaram a estabilidade dos anodos quando sujeitados a intensa evolu??o de gases. Para o eletrodo dopado com 1 mM do ?on Fe3+, a efici?ncia de corrente da PEO foram de 10% e 9,5% com uma velocidade de gera??o de oz?nio de 1,35 g h-1 e 1,40 g h-1 para os substratos de tela de a?o e de tecido de carbono, respectivamente. Os resultados encontrados s?o promissores indicando uma viabilidade do uso desses eletrodos para aplica??o no tratamento de ?gua, por isso, empregou-se o oz?nio produzido eletroquimicamente para tratar ?gua residu?ria proveniente da produ??o de biodiesel na planta piloto da UFVJM. O tratamento oxidativo da ?gua residu?ria foi conduzido num reator em coluna de bolhas via rea??o direta (oz?nio molecular), indireta (radical hidroxila) e mista (O3/HO?) manipulando-se o pH do meio reacional.A caracteriza??o do efluente ozonizado foi efetuada monitorando-se o processo de degrada??o da mat?ria org?nica dissolvida via espectrofotometria. A cin?tica do processo de degrada??o seguiu o modelo de pseudo-primeira ordem. Foi verificado que a constante cin?tica sofre varia??o com o tempo de ozoniza??o revelando, portanto, uma varia??o da recalcitr?ncia com o tempo de rea??o. A demanda de energia requerida no processo de ozoniza??o foi caracterizada por uma energia el?trica por ordem (EEO) de 139 kW h m-3 ordem-1. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Electrodes comprised of ?-PbO2 were prepared by electrodeposition, by moans of the inclusion of Fe3+ and F- ions in the precursor mixture, using as substrates steel screen (ASTM 316) and carbon cloth in order to produce ozone in an filter-press electrochemical reactor conducted in the absence of liquid electrolyte. The analysis of SEM micrographs revealed that for both substrates at low dopants concentrations resulted in the formation of well-defined grains with a uniform surface area. X-rays analysis for both substrates showed the inhibition of formation of the ?-PbO2 phase for most of the dopant concentration. Cronopotenciometric studies revealed a good stability of the anodes when they were subjected to the intense gas evolution. For the electrode doped with 1 mM Fe3+, the current efficiency of EOP were 10% and 9.5% for an ozone generation rate of 1.35 g h-1 and 1.40 g h -1 using the steel screen and carbon cloth substrates, respectively. These results are promising, indicating a feasibility of using these electrodes for application in water purification, so the electrochemical ozone produced was applied to treat residuary water obtained from the biodiesel produced in the pilot plant of UFVJM. The oxidative chemical treatment of wastewater was conducted in a bubble column reactor via direct (molecular ozone), indirect (hydroxyl radical) and mixed (O3/HO?) oxidation reaction thrush manipulating the pH of the reaction medium. The characterization of ozonated effluent was assessed by means of monitoring the degradation of the dissolved organic matter using spectrophotometry. The kinetics of the degradation process followed a pseudo-first order model. It was found that the rate constant changes on the ozonation time thus indicating a recalcitrance variation with the reaction time. The energy demand required in the ozonation process was described by an electric energy per order (EEO) of 139 kW h m-3 order-1.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 5 gui.pdf: 4235660 bytes, checksum: a4da31a1b3421bf1fd546fc015611c65 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:39:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 gui.pdf: 4235660 bytes, checksum: a4da31a1b3421bf1fd546fc015611c65 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:39:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 gui.pdf: 4235660 bytes, checksum: a4da31a1b3421bf1fd546fc015611c65 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / Realizou-se a s?ntese de doadores e receptores glicos?dicos in?ditos que foram utilizados numa s?ntese convergente de um precursor da adenofostina A. Igualmente, a converg?ncia das sintonas tinha como prop?sito principal o estudo de rea??es de glicosila??o, ou seja, foram explorados dois m?todos de forma??o de liga??es glicos?dicas: o m?todo do tricloroacetoimidato e o m?todo de isomeriza??o do doador glicos?dico al?lico. A prepara??o dos aceptores e doadores glicos?dicos envolveu sequ?ncias de prote??o e desprote??o de grupos hidroxila a partir da adenosina e da D-glicose, respectivamente, privilegiando-se a forma??o de doadores armados e a observa??o da estereoqu?mica no carbono anom?rico. Os an?meros ? e ? formados nesta sequ?ncia de s?ntese foram separados, mas somente os an?meros ? foram motivo de caracteriza??o pelos m?todos de an?lise usuais de espectrometria RMN 1D e 2D, de massas e no infravermelho. Dessa forma, foram sintetizados dois aceptores glicos?dicos (17) e (18) e cinco doadores glicos?dicos (9), (11?), (11?), (13?) e (13?), sendo todas as subst?ncias in?ditas. Dentre os ensaios de glicosila??o somente o m?todo do tricloroacetoimidato produziu o produto desejado (glicosila??o entre 11? e 17) cuja caracteriza??o estrutural encontra-se em andamento. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT This works discusses the synton?s synthesis of the, unpublished glycosidic donors and aceptors that have been used in a convergent synthesis of a precursor of adenophostin A. Furthermore, the convergence of syntons main purpose was to study the glycosylation, ie been explored two methods of forming glycosidic linkages, the method of trichloroacetimidate and method of isomerization of the allyl glycoside donor. The preparation of donors and acceptors glycosidic sequences involving protection and deprotection of hydroxyl groups from adenosine and D-glucose, respectively, favoring the formation of armed donors and observation of stereochemistry at anomeric carbon. The and anomers formed in this synthesis sequence were separated, but the only reason anomers were characterization by usual methods of analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass and infrared. Thus, we synthesized two glycoside acceptors (17) and (18) and five donor glycoside (9), (11), (11), (13) and (13), all substances are novel. Among the glycosylation assays only the method of tricloroacetimidate gave the desired product (glycosylation between 11 and 17) that is the object of characterizing and whose data has not yet been completed and conclusive.