Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1984. / Some ill. mounted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-232).

No description available.

Thesis (doctoral)--Nijmegen, 1980.

Some ill. mounted / Bibliography: leaves 179-232 / x, 232, [53] leaves : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1984

The present study was undertaken to determine the effects and possible mechanism of action of cimetidine in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Throughout this study emphasis is placed on free radical levels since the magnitude of the relationship between diseases and the levels of free radicals vary from one disease to another. Studies were carried out to examine the effect of cimetidine on free radical levels using superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation as indicators of free radical levels. The experiments revealed that addition of cimetidine, especially in high concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 x10-6 M) significantly inhibited WHCO6 cancer cell growth rather than cancer cell growth, as no normal control was available. Free radical formation as well as hydroxyl radical formation were reduced in the deoxyribose assay. In addition, cimetidine exhibits properties of binding to metals such as copper and iron. To maintain consistency in the experiments, a WHCO6 (Wits Human Carcinoma of the Oesophagus) cell line was used to investigate the effect of cimetidine in cancer. Neurodegeneration was induced in the rat brain using neurotoxins such as cyanide to investigate the relationship between cimetidine in AD. A decrease in cancer cell growth was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the levels of free radicals and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that the growth-inhibitory effects of cimetidine on WHCO6 cancer cells in vitro may be due to free radical scavenging properties. This proposal was further strengthened by determination of free radical levels in the rat brain. After treatment with neurotoxins to induce neurodegeneration, the levels of free radicals in the rat brain suggest that addition of cimetidine reduces free radical levels in the rat brain in a dosedependent manner. Further experiments were done in an attempt to uncover the underlying mechanism by which cimetidine exhibits free radical scavenging properties. Metal binding studies were done using electrochemical, HPLC and UV/Vis studies. The results show that cimetidine binds iron and copper. These metals have been implicated in free radical production via the Fenton reaction. By binding with cimetidine the metals become unavailable to produce free radicals and hence cimetidine indirectly reduces the formation of free radicals. The final experiment was the determination of cimetidine as a hydroxyl radical scavenger in the deoxyribose assay. Cimetidine was shown to act as a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger, thereby confirming its activity as a free radical scavenger. In addition, cimetidine protects against damage to the deoxyribose sugar, a component of DNA. Whilst there are many theories that explain the therapeutic role of cimetidine in degenerative disease, the actual mechanism of the role of cimetidine is emphasized as a free radical scavenger. Regardless of the mechanism of action, cimetidine does inhibit tumour growth according to this study and also reduce free radical levels in neurodegeneration, which suggests a role for cimetidine as a possible additive in treatment of patients with such disease states. These findings have important clinical implications, and needs to be investigated further.

The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the interaction between cimetidine and dietary flavonoids using the Caco-2 cell transport model. It has been shown that flavonoids can change the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals, either by inhibiting metabolizing enzymes or inhibiting the drug efflux transporters. However, the effect of dietary flavonoids in the absorption of cimetidine has not been investigated. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that the absorption of cimetidine is mediated by a drug efflux pump, P-glycoprotein, of which dietary flavonoids can enhance the permeability of cimetidine by reducing P-glycoprotein function. The increase in permeability of cimetidine can increase the bioavailability of cimetidine. To test the hypothesis, three objectives were proposed. The first objective was to validate the Caco-2 transport model in our laboratory. The validation was performed by measuring the electrical resistance ofthe monolayer and determining the transport of paracellular marker. Also P-glycoprotein function was determined using rhodamine 123. The second objective was to describe the transport characteristics of cimetidine in the Caco-2 cell monolayers. The permeability of cimetidine was determined at different pH environments. When the permeability of cimetidine from apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical was compared, there appeared to be an effiux mechanism involved transport of cimetidine. The permeability of cimetidine in the presence of verapamil, a P-glycoprotein competitive inhibitor, suggested that P-glycoprotein was involved in the effiux. The third objective was to study the effect of dietary flavonoids on the permeability of cimetidine in the Caco-2 cell model. In the present study, four different flavonoids, quercetin, genistein, naringenin, and xanthohumol were selected. When co-treated with flavonoid aglycones, the permeability ofcimetidine was significantly reduced in the basolateral to apical direction. However, only genistin, a glycoside of genistein, significantly reduced the efflux of cimetidine. The present studies demonstrate that some dietary flavonoids, especially aglycones, can significantly reduce the effiux of cimetidine in the Caco-2 cell monolayers. Therefore, the fiavonoids consumed in a normal diet have the potential to enhance the bioavailability of cimetidine and possibly other P-glycoprotein substrates by altering their permeability. / Graduation date: 2004

No description available.

Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that is among the most widely prescribed drugs in the world. In addition to its inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion, a possible role in kidney tubulointerstitial disease has been suggested. Isolated reports have also suggested an association between cimetidine administration and acute interstitial nephritis. The present study examined the effect of cimetidine on renal function in the rat. The nine rats used in this study had normal renal function and urinalyses before treatment with cimetidine. The cimetidine treated rats then developed a clinical picture of weakness, hematuria, proteinuria, casturia, oliguria, and increases in serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine.Following the 6 weeks treatment period, all rats were sacrificed and their kidneys prepared for microscopic study. Histologically, the patchy, intense tubulointerstitial infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and other cells observed in the cortex of the rat kidneys is quite similar to findings described in human cases of drug-induce hypersensitivity tubulointerstitial disease. In addition, other pathologic conditions which can cause tubulointerstitial disease were adequately ruled out. Specifically, bacterial pyelonephritis was excluded as a result of the consistently sterile urine test. In conclusion, the author feels that the clinical, aboratory, and histologic findings in this study strongly suggests an association between of tubulointerstitial disease and the use of cimetidine. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 M675 / Master of Science / Psychological Sciences

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram os de avaliar a eficácia da cimetidina como única forma de tratamento para reduzir o tamanho de melanomas localizados em região ventral de cauda e períneo em equinos tordilhos, determinar a eficácia da droga no controle do aparecimento de novas formações nas mesmas regiões e avaliar a duração do tratamento com cimetidina após a sua suspensão com relação à manutenção da redução de tamanho e do aparecimento de novas formações. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizados 32 equinos tordilhos, sem restrições de raça ou sexo, com idade entre sete e 30 anos, com melanomas em região de cauda e períneo de até 5,0 cm de diâmetro e sem histórico anterior de tratamento com cimetidina ou procedimento cirúrgico para esta finalidade. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: 21 animais no grupo tratamento que receberam 18 mg/kg de cimetidina por via oral, BID durante noventa dias e 11 animais no grupo controle, que não receberam nenhuma medicação ou placebo. Os equinos foram avaliados quinzenalmente durante o período de tratamento e monitorados mensalmente durante 150 dias após o término da administração da droga. A cimetidina, na dose de 18 mg/kg VO BID, apresenta ação sobre os melanomas em equinos tordilhos, mas sua ação mostrou-se bastante variável e individual, além de não apresentar efetividade na manutenção da redução do volume após o término do tratamento. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cimetidine as treatment for melanoma present in the perineal area and ventral tail of Grey horses. Reduction in tumor volume and the capability of the drug to control the appearance of new nodules were evaluated. Thirty two grey horses with ages ranging between sete and 30 years and no predilection of breed or gender were used in this study. All the animals selected had no attempted treatment prior to this study. The animals were divided in two groups: the treatment group, consisting of 21 horses and the control group consisting of 11 animals. Cimetidine was administered at a dosage of 18 mg/kg orally twice a day for a total of ninety days. During the lenght of treatment, the group was evaluated every two weeks, and all the animals were monitored once a month for another 150 days after the end of therapy. The efficacy of the treatment with cimetidine was observed in 11 animals of the treatment group which showed size reduction of the masses during the drug administration period followed by a slight increase and stabilization at lower volumes than the initial measures. In addition, the animals that responded to the treatment presented a very variable and individual response.