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Cities in the United States have been experiencing a kind of spatial "explosion" over the last two decades. Urban population has been spilling over the defined urban limits and has been converting non-urban land into various types of urban land use. This conversion can be labeled urban sprawl.By and large, all urban centers are attracting populations of younger age groups, men and women of reproducing age. A new housing type is necessary, both to arrest the population's piling up over fringe areas, and to draw people back into the deteriorating central city.High population density and optimal residential laud use are essential if urban sprawl is to be halted. Planned condominium developments which utilize the above elements could be an arresting factor of urban sprawl and satisfy housing needs.Condominium developments in Columbus, Ohio were subjected to the test of the hypothesis that a high degree of resident satisfaction with condominiums would motivate growth of such developments, and hence, arrest urban spatial expansion.The conclusion was that condominiums do satisfy dweller demands and because of this high degree of satisfaction the growth of this form of housing will continue.

Graduation date: 1977

The hypothesis: Urban development will be stimulated by introducing rapid transit into a city's structure. Therefore, rapid transit can be used by planners as a tool to control and implement predetermined development of varying natures within the city. Chapter 1 discusses the role which transportation in general can play in changing the city. It is examined as a changing technology, as a cause of centralization and decentralization, and as a theory explaining urban structure. Chapter 2 begins by discussing theory of rapid transit planning after which three case studies are presented — Chicago, Cleveland, and Toronto. Each of these cities has been chosen to illustrate different rapid transit planning approaches. Chicago represents a system oriented to the central city; Cleveland represents a system oriented to the suburbs; and Toronto represents a new system oriented to the central city but expanding into suburban areas. Chapter 3 applies the theory and case study information to Vancouver, three theoretical rapid transit stations are proposed. Nanaimo-Hastings represents the impact rapid transit has upon a neighborhood of older homes adjacent to a high-quality commercial shopping strip. Main-Hastings/Pender (Chinatown-Strathcona) represents the relationship of rapid transit to the edge of the core area and to urban renewal. Georgia-Granville represents the integration of rapid transit in the core. In each case the effects upon adjacent land use are postulated. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Architecture University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban Design / Andrew Chakane 2019

This dissertation traces the transition of colonial Cairo from a marginal space to the British regime to an object of colonial governance and the site of technological and social intervention. It examines what caused this transition, how it shaped the spatial and social landscape of a booming metropolis, and how these developments produced and sustained opportunities, contradictions, and spaces for contestation and opposition. This dissertation challenges the current literature on British Cairo, which treats the colonial era (1882-1922) as a homogeneous expression of the regime’s retreat and of capital-led growth, by providing an account of the regime’s program of infrastructural reorganization and schemes of public housing and town planning. Because the literature largely ignores this history, it does not detect the colonial regime’s increasing discomfort at capital-led urban development or the regime’s late attempt to refashion its relation to capital and to take charge of Cairo’s future growth. The first part of this dissertation examines the pressures and crises that led to this transition. A protracted biological crisis that saw waves of cholera epidemics and high death rates underscored the need for constructing and improving infrastructures of sanitation and service provision. And capital’s forceful entry into the city led to a speculative property bubble, a housing crisis, and uncoordinated urban expansion, which made the disjointed framework of urban administration and the absence of regulations all the more evident. These crises made the colonial regime liable to critiques from elites, proponents, and certainly from the nascent anticolonial movement. The second part examines projects of sanitation and schemes of housing and town planning that the regime turned to since the beginning of the twentieth century and that embodied a changing approach to the city. During the latter two decades of the occupation, the colonial regime invested in upgrading Cairo’s water supply and constructing the city’s first sewage network. This dissertation traces not only how these infrastructural technologies worked but also how they became sites of contestation over power and knowledge. It examines the reception of infrastructures by urban dwellers across the social spectrum, the techno-social debates they occasioned among expert managers and designers, including above all engineers and public hygienists, and the social visions they embodied. Finally, the regime broached projects of public housing and town planning that constituted, in one sense, the culmination of a program of infrastructural reorganization, and in another, an attempt to give coherence to urban governance and assume leadership over the city’s development. By offering material improvement, these schemes were also meant to neutralize political discontent, which nonetheless erupted with the 1919 revolution.

Urban growth is one type of urban development. Many Canadian cities have dramatically evolved over the past twenty years. Along with the rapid growth of urban region, urban sprawl has become one of the most significant issues challenging most cities. Remote sensing techniques are frequently used to analyse urban growth and sprawl. In this study, three temporal satellite images, which were taken at 1990, 2000, 2010 respectively, are classified using software ENVI to determine the urban extent and growth pattern of the city of London, Ontario, Canada. Statistical models including Shannon‘s entropy and Pearson‘s chi-square are applied to calculate the degree of sprawl and degree of freedom of London. Moreover, the overall degree of goodness of the urban growth is calculated as a promotion of the former two statistic models towards the analysis of urban growth. The results shows London is sprawled in the past 20 years (from 1990 to 2010) with a decreasing degree of freedom and a moderate degree of goodness of urban growth. Apart from mathematical analysis, policies that have been implemented since 1990s to curb urban sprawl in London are reviewed. Key factors that impact the urban growth pattern of London are identified through reviewing. It is found that 1993‘s annexation, the creation of Urban Growth Boundary and changed political intentions are the main factors. By analyze these factors, it also help to explain the results derived from mathematical models. Brownfield redevelopment, residential intensification, smart moves are regarded as the most important strategies to deal with urban sprawl carried out by London‘s local government. It also witnesses a great impact of policies initiated by the province on a mid-sized municipality such as London. It is argued that municipalities gain only limited political autonomy and administrative capacity. Recommendations are addressed specifically for the related strategies for further promotions. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

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