Inaug.-diss.--Göttingen. / Vita.

Thesis--Lima.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1900. / "Reprinted from the Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, Philology and literature series, vol. 1, no. 3." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-234).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-155).

Thesis (B.A. (Hons.))--University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)--2004. / Title from screen ; viewed Feb. 6, 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Classical Studies, 2006.

<p> This dissertation applies what David Miller has called &ldquo;the third wave of Jungian thought&rdquo; to a favorite depth psychological story: &ldquo;Cupid and Psyche.&rdquo; Through close examination of previous efforts to interpret Apuleius&rsquo; text, the dissertation displays the essential syntax and assumptions of textual interpretation practiced by &ldquo;first&rdquo; and &ldquo;second&rdquo; wave Jungians. Mythological interpretation from a Depth Psychological perspective has long relied on two assumptions to justify its efforts: first, myths can be interpreted as &ldquo;collective dreams&rdquo; in which character and plot can be searched for clues to the meaning of the composite dream-myth and secondly, that there is a deep link between the &ldquo;meanings&rdquo; discovered in such examinations and the everyday world in which we live. In this view, myths are archetypal lessons. The leading proponent of the third wave, Wolfgang Giegerich, explicitly challenges both of these assumptions. With respect to character and plot, Giegerich believes we need to see through not only to the archetype that guides a character or action but rather &ldquo;all the way&rdquo; through to the structure or syntax of the entire tale as the positions displayed by the characters move along their trajectories. He applies Hegel&rsquo;s dialectical logic of position-negation-sublation-restoration to the logical structure of a tale under examination. This move results in interpretations that are less about theories, morals, or advice on psychological issues and more about aesthetics and the artistic expression of a truth. The final section of this dissertation is a performance of a &ldquo;third-wave&rdquo; interpretation that views the &ldquo;Cupid and Psyche&rdquo; tale as a portrait of beauty in which Venus, Psyche, and Proserpina&rsquo;s box of beauty represent positions in a dialectic displaying the notion of Beauty refining and developing itself. Rather than seeking a tidy conclusion or supporting a specific theory, this reading attempts to satisfy on aesthetic grounds. It is a tale, after all, about Beauty. In the way that the development and display of art refines both the artist and its viewer, this style of mythological interpretation, by avoiding the concretizing reduction common to imagistic readings, deepens the subtlety of thinking in both performer and audience.</p>

This thesis reconsiders the cultural and economic relevance of landownership for the Roman republican peasants. In the Introduction, I define direct agricultural producers (hereafter 'peasants') as the object of my investigation. In Chapter 1, I argue that throughout the republic peasants owned little or no land, and private landholdings had a marginal role in peasants' production strategies. The frequent land schemes did not make the distribution of property more egalitarian, because they were not designed for that purpose, and due to their poverty peasants were unable to maintain control of the allotments. In Chapter 2, I explain that in ancient literature peasants were idealized as symbols of complete independence and self-sufficiency, and in political reflection they were considered the most perfect citizens. In accordance with the widespread view that Roman power had peaked and was now declining, already by the time of Fabius Pictor early and middle republican Rome was idealized as a society of peasants, whose supposed decline was threatening the republic. I conclude that in the Gracchan period peasants' discontent may have been a consequence of growing inequality, rather than utter impoverishment. In Chapter 3, I argue that in order to understand whether the free peasantry was actually declining we should consider variations in peasants' opportunities for dependent labour on the one hand, marketing on the other. Therefore, I reconsider the available data on the demography of Roman Italy and on commercial agriculture. I conclude that, while peasants could profit from increased access to markets, there is no conclusive evidence that competition for labour grew. In Chapter 4 I explain that the late republican peasants were perfectly aware that land had an economic value, and were even able to carry out evaluations. I suggest that this was a consequence of census procedures.