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The purpose of this research was to identify nonwoven protective fabrics designed to have improved comfort properties over a fabric currently used in limited-use chemical protective clothing by using physiological and perceptual dimensions of comfort. Fabrics that are both waterproof and breathable have potential for use in chemical protective clothing by repelling liquid while allowing the diffusion of moisture vapor from the body. Microporous laminated fabrics used in chemical protective clothing allow moisture to evaporate from the body and move through the fabric while preventing liquid chemicals from coming in contact with the skin. Five fabric types were evaluated by wear testing coveralls and measuring selected physiological and perceptual responses of five subjects performing moderate-intensity exercise in thermoneutral and hot, humid environments. Physiological responses included skin temperature, body temperature, heart rate, sweat rate, and fluid loss. Perceptual responses included moisture sensation, thermal sensation, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and overall comfort. In the thermoneutral environment, results show heart rate to be the only variable affected by the different fabric types, while time effect was significant within all dependent variables. In the hot, humid environment, skin and body temperatures were significantly affected by fabric type, while time effect was significant within all variables except skin temperature. The environment effect was significant within all dependent variables except RPE and heart rate. Based on the statistical insignificance of subjects' overall comfort responses in both environments, it can be said that the differences in the physical characteristics of the fabrics may not be great enough to affect the wearer's comfort level. However, two of the four fabrics were determined to have potential for further investigation. Further research comparing experimental fabrics with fabrics used widely in industry will continue the effort of improving the comfort of limited-use protective clothing. / Master of Science

O tema central desta dissertação é a percepção de conforto como instrumento para traçar diretrizes para o design de calcinhas, que é o principal objetivo deste estudo. O presente trabalho apresenta uma investigação teórico-metodológica acerca do conforto, do produto estudado, a calcinha e da usuária, a mulher. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo traçar diretrizes de projeto de calcinhas com base na percepção de conforto das mulheres de diferentes perfis físicos e psicológicos. Para tanto, foram definidos três objetivos específicos: i) Elaborar uma taxonomia para calcinhas e conceituar os seus elementos; ii) identificar fatores envolvidos na percepção de conforto em calcinhas; iii) avaliar estes fatores envolvidos na percepção de conforto em calcinhas, de acordo com perfis corporais e psicológicos das mulheres. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi norteado por três pressupostos: i) a percepção de conforto varia de acordo com o perfil psicológico e corporal de cada mulher; ii) diferentes modelos de calcinha se adéquam a diferentes perfis de mulher e produzem percepções diferentes de conforto; e iii) o estudo do conforto envolve as complexas relações entre usuária e o produto, através de estímulos físicos e psicológicos. Com base nos modelos de avaliação da percepção de conforto e risco de Van der Linden (2004), avaliação do conforto no vestuário de Wages (1974) e os métodos de avaliação da percepção de conforto no uso de calcinhas, desenvolvidos em estudo anterior (Giongo, 2010), esta dissertação foi construída e desenvolvida por meio de dois instrumentos: um questionário online, aplicado a 54 estudantes de universidades da Grande Porto Alegre e um questionário físico, aplicado a 347 estudantes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Universidade Feevale. Com base em estudo e elaboração de uma taxonomia das calcinhas e na análise do primeiro questionário, foi possível estabelecer parâmetros para avaliar o comportamento de uso das participantes e, com base nestas informações, traçar as diretrizes de projeto para o design de calcinhas. / The central theme of this dissertation, as well as its main objective, is to set comfort perception as a tool to establish guidelines for panty design. This paper presents a theoretical and methodological research about comfort, as well as the manufactured goods studied, panties, in addition to their consumer, women. The aim was to establish guidelines based on the comfort perception of women from different physical and psychological profiles. Hence, three specific objectives were defined: i) develop a taxonomy for that type of underwear, conceptualizing elements ii) identify factors involved in comfort perception of panties iii) evaluate factors involved in comfort perception of panties, according to physical and psychological profiles. This work was guided by three assumptions: i) comfort perception varies according to the psychological and physical distinctiveness of every woman ii) different models of underwear suit different profiles of women and produce different perceptions of comfort, and iii) the study of comfort involves the complex relationship between consumer and manufactured goods, through physical and psychological stimuli. This dissertation was rooted in the evaluation of risk and comfort perception model of Van der Linden (2004), in the clothing comfort evaluation of Wages (1974) and on the methods of assessment of comfort perception in wearing such panties, developed in a previous study (Giongo , 2010), and it was built and completed through the application of two instruments: an electronic questionnaire, answered by 54 students from universities in Greater Porto Alegre, and a paper questionnaire answered by 347 students from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and Feevale University. Founded on the study and development of the taxonomy of this kind of underwear, as well as on the analysis of the first questionnaire, it was possible to establish parameters to evaluate consumer behavior of participants and, from that, establish guidelines for panty design.

O tema central desta dissertação é a percepção de conforto como instrumento para traçar diretrizes para o design de calcinhas, que é o principal objetivo deste estudo. O presente trabalho apresenta uma investigação teórico-metodológica acerca do conforto, do produto estudado, a calcinha e da usuária, a mulher. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo traçar diretrizes de projeto de calcinhas com base na percepção de conforto das mulheres de diferentes perfis físicos e psicológicos. Para tanto, foram definidos três objetivos específicos: i) Elaborar uma taxonomia para calcinhas e conceituar os seus elementos; ii) identificar fatores envolvidos na percepção de conforto em calcinhas; iii) avaliar estes fatores envolvidos na percepção de conforto em calcinhas, de acordo com perfis corporais e psicológicos das mulheres. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi norteado por três pressupostos: i) a percepção de conforto varia de acordo com o perfil psicológico e corporal de cada mulher; ii) diferentes modelos de calcinha se adéquam a diferentes perfis de mulher e produzem percepções diferentes de conforto; e iii) o estudo do conforto envolve as complexas relações entre usuária e o produto, através de estímulos físicos e psicológicos. Com base nos modelos de avaliação da percepção de conforto e risco de Van der Linden (2004), avaliação do conforto no vestuário de Wages (1974) e os métodos de avaliação da percepção de conforto no uso de calcinhas, desenvolvidos em estudo anterior (Giongo, 2010), esta dissertação foi construída e desenvolvida por meio de dois instrumentos: um questionário online, aplicado a 54 estudantes de universidades da Grande Porto Alegre e um questionário físico, aplicado a 347 estudantes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Universidade Feevale. Com base em estudo e elaboração de uma taxonomia das calcinhas e na análise do primeiro questionário, foi possível estabelecer parâmetros para avaliar o comportamento de uso das participantes e, com base nestas informações, traçar as diretrizes de projeto para o design de calcinhas. / The central theme of this dissertation, as well as its main objective, is to set comfort perception as a tool to establish guidelines for panty design. This paper presents a theoretical and methodological research about comfort, as well as the manufactured goods studied, panties, in addition to their consumer, women. The aim was to establish guidelines based on the comfort perception of women from different physical and psychological profiles. Hence, three specific objectives were defined: i) develop a taxonomy for that type of underwear, conceptualizing elements ii) identify factors involved in comfort perception of panties iii) evaluate factors involved in comfort perception of panties, according to physical and psychological profiles. This work was guided by three assumptions: i) comfort perception varies according to the psychological and physical distinctiveness of every woman ii) different models of underwear suit different profiles of women and produce different perceptions of comfort, and iii) the study of comfort involves the complex relationship between consumer and manufactured goods, through physical and psychological stimuli. This dissertation was rooted in the evaluation of risk and comfort perception model of Van der Linden (2004), in the clothing comfort evaluation of Wages (1974) and on the methods of assessment of comfort perception in wearing such panties, developed in a previous study (Giongo , 2010), and it was built and completed through the application of two instruments: an electronic questionnaire, answered by 54 students from universities in Greater Porto Alegre, and a paper questionnaire answered by 347 students from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and Feevale University. Founded on the study and development of the taxonomy of this kind of underwear, as well as on the analysis of the first questionnaire, it was possible to establish parameters to evaluate consumer behavior of participants and, from that, establish guidelines for panty design.

O tema central desta dissertação é a percepção de conforto como instrumento para traçar diretrizes para o design de calcinhas, que é o principal objetivo deste estudo. O presente trabalho apresenta uma investigação teórico-metodológica acerca do conforto, do produto estudado, a calcinha e da usuária, a mulher. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo traçar diretrizes de projeto de calcinhas com base na percepção de conforto das mulheres de diferentes perfis físicos e psicológicos. Para tanto, foram definidos três objetivos específicos: i) Elaborar uma taxonomia para calcinhas e conceituar os seus elementos; ii) identificar fatores envolvidos na percepção de conforto em calcinhas; iii) avaliar estes fatores envolvidos na percepção de conforto em calcinhas, de acordo com perfis corporais e psicológicos das mulheres. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi norteado por três pressupostos: i) a percepção de conforto varia de acordo com o perfil psicológico e corporal de cada mulher; ii) diferentes modelos de calcinha se adéquam a diferentes perfis de mulher e produzem percepções diferentes de conforto; e iii) o estudo do conforto envolve as complexas relações entre usuária e o produto, através de estímulos físicos e psicológicos. Com base nos modelos de avaliação da percepção de conforto e risco de Van der Linden (2004), avaliação do conforto no vestuário de Wages (1974) e os métodos de avaliação da percepção de conforto no uso de calcinhas, desenvolvidos em estudo anterior (Giongo, 2010), esta dissertação foi construída e desenvolvida por meio de dois instrumentos: um questionário online, aplicado a 54 estudantes de universidades da Grande Porto Alegre e um questionário físico, aplicado a 347 estudantes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Universidade Feevale. Com base em estudo e elaboração de uma taxonomia das calcinhas e na análise do primeiro questionário, foi possível estabelecer parâmetros para avaliar o comportamento de uso das participantes e, com base nestas informações, traçar as diretrizes de projeto para o design de calcinhas. / The central theme of this dissertation, as well as its main objective, is to set comfort perception as a tool to establish guidelines for panty design. This paper presents a theoretical and methodological research about comfort, as well as the manufactured goods studied, panties, in addition to their consumer, women. The aim was to establish guidelines based on the comfort perception of women from different physical and psychological profiles. Hence, three specific objectives were defined: i) develop a taxonomy for that type of underwear, conceptualizing elements ii) identify factors involved in comfort perception of panties iii) evaluate factors involved in comfort perception of panties, according to physical and psychological profiles. This work was guided by three assumptions: i) comfort perception varies according to the psychological and physical distinctiveness of every woman ii) different models of underwear suit different profiles of women and produce different perceptions of comfort, and iii) the study of comfort involves the complex relationship between consumer and manufactured goods, through physical and psychological stimuli. This dissertation was rooted in the evaluation of risk and comfort perception model of Van der Linden (2004), in the clothing comfort evaluation of Wages (1974) and on the methods of assessment of comfort perception in wearing such panties, developed in a previous study (Giongo , 2010), and it was built and completed through the application of two instruments: an electronic questionnaire, answered by 54 students from universities in Greater Porto Alegre, and a paper questionnaire answered by 347 students from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and Feevale University. Founded on the study and development of the taxonomy of this kind of underwear, as well as on the analysis of the first questionnaire, it was possible to establish parameters to evaluate consumer behavior of participants and, from that, establish guidelines for panty design.

Social and economical development of human society, in this case on the example of Czech republic, logicaly leads to improvement and invention of new individual protection instruments. Maximum protection in proportion to the lowest mobility limitation is the purpose. Diploma thesis explains, firstly, the basic concepts to make clear, what the issue concerns and getting better understanding for people.. It also deals with clothing comfort for firefighters. Clothing comfort can be divided into four groups and as the complex of essential for proper performance and convenience of trespassing firefighter. It is a condition where the optimal physiological functions of the body and neither clothing nor the environment does not create discomfort. Next section of diploma thesis describes the personal protective equipment to protect life and health trespassing firefighter and thereby increase its work in various special occurrences. Each unit of firefighters should be equipped with personal protection equipments, and instructed on how their use it, maintenance and periodic inspection. Another section of the theoretical part is devoted to the means of individual protection, which also protects the body of firefighter and his respiratory system. There are the types of breathing apparatus and a description of the knowledge that a firefighter must have to use the breathing apparatus to be optimized in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and do not endanger the life of the user. Term minute ventilation is there also explained. Each person has a unique minute ventilation, which is very individual and depends on the work performed. Next point is the kinds of chemical protection suits, which are used during interventions, where the environment is contaminated with hazardous substances. The work of firefighters affects also negative effects. This issue is discussed in the next chapter, which describes the negative effects caused by the occurrence itself and the negative effects caused by climatic conditions at the location. The particular hierarchy of the fire brigade described in the next section, that deals with the General Directorate of Fire Rescue, the Fire Corps Rescue of country and fire protection units and their categories. The types of hazardous substances under the Chemicals Act and in accordance with the Order of chemical services are the last point of the theoretical part. The experiment is described and evaluated in practical part of diploma thesis which was attended by seven firefighters from the firefighter station Petřiny. Firefighters had to gradually undergo a prescribed route, they passed each time using a different suit. In order to avoid skewing the results, the firefighters between attempts to allow sufficient time for stale and soothe the body. They were obtained evaluation parameters in this way that were in the part of result processed and evaluated for total and average air consumption. The values, that were obtained, were subsequently processed into tables and graphs and the results were solved by using comparison and statistical methods. Conclusion of the work is devoted to the evaluation of the optimal protection of the firefighters, proposing measures for improvement and verification of the hypothesis that the performance of member of Prague rescue service is limited by individual protective means in extreme climatic conditions and load performance.