No description available.

<p> Four coral reef sites were observed in Spermonde Archipelago, off Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia The sites were located at different distances from the mainland: Kayangan reef ('affected' site) is the closest and Samalona, Barang Lompo, and Kapoposan ('comparison' sites) are successively farther from the mainland and Ujung Pandang city. </p> <p> Coral cover, number of species at 3m and 1Om depths, and coral growth rates (Porites lobata) were observed to describe coral conditions. Environmental parameters suspended particulate matter (SPM), resuspended sediment, salinity, clarity, chlorophyll a, phosphate, nitrate, ammonium and o15N values ofcoral tissue (P. lobata) were also investigated to assess possible 'stress' factors on the reefs. </p> <p> Average coral cover at the 'affected' site was very low (14 %), compared to the other sites: Samalona (44.3 %), B. Lompo {47.2 %) and Kapoposan {66.6 %). Also, the lowest total number ofspecies occurred at Kayangan (42 spp.), compared to the other sites: Samalona {62 spp.), B. Lompo {71·spp.) and Kapoposan (80 spp.) </p> <p> Environmental parameters indicated that sedimentation and eutrophication (sewage) were the main 'stress' factors at Kayangan reef: while human disturbances such as fish bombing. anchoring. coral collection, and other activities affected Samalona and B. Lompo more. High coral cover and number of species at Kapoposan reef indicated fewer 'stress' factors. </p> <p> Coral growth rates showed a different trend from coral cover and total number of species. The highest coral growth rates occurred at B. Lompo (15.9 ± 0.8 mm yr-1) followed by Kayangan, Samalona and Kapoposan. Based on environmental parameters, it seemed that coral growth rates were higher at more eutrophic reefs, but slower at certain maximum critical nutrient values. </p> <p> δ^15 values of coral tissue found in this study are positively correlated with chlorophyll a, dissolved nutrients, and sedimentation rates. The high δ^(15)N values at Kayangan (8.03 ± 0.62 %) support the idea that this site was affected by human waste and sewage. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

No description available.

Marine organisms occupy environments spanning wide distributions of conditions across large (e.g., latitudinal gradients) and small (e.g., different depths) scales. Populations that exist across these environments might be adapted to local conditions and exhibit genetic divergence between habitats, sometimes to the point of becoming different species or lineages within a species complex. Corals are excellent organisms in which to study dynamics across large geographic ranges spanning divergent environments. They not only contain many species rich genera and exhibit local adaptation and long-range dispersal potential, but they are also the structural engineers of coral reef ecosystems that are facing serious threat from warming oceans, acidification, and other anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, investigating mechanisms of adaptation to environmental conditions in corals is critical because these processes also secondarily impact many reef-dependent marine organisms. My dissertation investigates population genomic variation across different ecological (latitudinal, local and within colony gradients) and evolutionary (populations and species) scales. First, I obtained samples of the ubiquitous pacific reef-building coral Acropora hyacinthus from its subtropical habitat in the Ryukyus Islands and temperate habitat in mainland Japan and uncovered the presence of three cryptic lineages in the region. Of these three, only one exists in temperate environments and this lineage has also recently expanded its range even further north along the coast of mainland Japan with warming oceans. I found genetic structure separating the recently expanded site and the other northernmost edge sites from core temperate sites. This divergence existed despite a model of larval dispersal suggesting higher connectivity of marginal and core sites relative to pairs of marginal sites. These findings suggest that cryptic lineages evolved to occupy different niches along a latitudinal gradient and that range expansion has been facilitated by adaptions to higher latitudes. Second, I investigated the role of the coral’s algal symbiont and bacterial communities in adaptation across smaller spatial scales by characterizing these communities in the massive scleractinian coral Porites lobata across a sedimentation gradient and across individual colonies in Guam. I found that both algal and bacterial communities varied within a single colony, but only bacteria showed clear structuring by colony position and only rare bacterial taxa were structured by the sedimentation gradient. Lastly, I investigated the contributions of host and symbiont to thermal adaptation in the facultatively symbiotic corals Astrangia and Oculina. I uncovered the existence of four genetic lineages of coral, two within each genus, with inter-lineage differences in distributions, thermal performance, and symbiotic partnerships. I also found evidence for shared genetic variation between Oculina and Astrangia when they exist sympatrically, suggesting the potential for adaptive introgression between these lineages. The findings of this dissertation shed light on the complex and dynamic nature of coral populations, highlighting the importance of considering multiple spatial scales and levels of evolutionary divergence when studying adaptation in marine organisms. Overall, this dissertation advances our understanding of the population genomics of corals and the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape their adaptation to diverse environments.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

"The focus of this study is the operation of the Rehabilitation and Hospital Industries Program in effect at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Coral Gables, Florida. More specifically, the study will be focused on the inter-related and interacting professional roles of the team members involved in administering the Program. A review of the literature pertaining to the development of the idea of work as a method of therapy in the rehabilitation of the mental patient will be presented. Interviews with the five team members--Physician, Coordinator, Social Worker, Clinical Psychologist, and Counselling Psychologist--who comprise the study group, will be presented and used as a basis of inductive analysis. The professional roles will be described in detail, both self-perceptions and perceptions of other members of the team"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "June, 1959." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work." / Advisor: David L. Levine, Professor Directing Study. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Marisa Trench de Oliveira Fonterrada. / Banca: Fábio Miguel / Banca: Leila Rosa Gonçalves Vertamatti / Banca: Jéssica Mami Makino / Banca: Yuka de Almeida Prado / Resumo: Neste presente trabalho pretendeu-se realizar a pesquisa do repertório estudado por dezoito corais Infanto-Juvenis do Projeto Guri (Regional Ribeirão). O objetivo foi conhecer estes repertórios e examiná-los com a finalidade de observar suas caraterísticas composicionais, extensão vocal, os idiomas e o tipo de repertório em seus diversos gêneros e estilos musicais, analisando se eram adequados à faixa etária em que foram aplicados. Com a metodologia adotada Análise de Conteúdo, os documentos foram coletados, categorizados, descritos e analisados. A quantidade de documentos coletados foi de 431 itens que compreendem partituras, letras de músicas e letras de músicas com indicações de harmonia. A partir dos resultados deste mapeamento houve uma reflexão acerca da necessidade de ampliação deste repertório por meio do despertar dos sentidos, para que os estudantes pudessem ter contato com uma maior diversidade musical e assim, ampliassem também suas experiências artísticas. / Abstract: The present work carried out our intention to perform the search of the repertoire studied by eighteen Children-Young choirs of the "Guri Project" (in the area of Ribeirao Preto city). The goal was to get to know their repertoires and examine them in order to observe their compositional characteristics, vocal range, languages and the kind of repertoire in its various genres and musical styles, analyzing their suitability to the age in which they were applied. The methodology adopted was a Content Analysis, in which we collected, categorized, described and analyzed the documents. The amount of collected data was about 431 items, which included musical scores, song lyrics and lyrics with harmony indications. According to the results of this study, we proposed a thought on the need of expanding such repertoire through the awakening of the singer senses, so that the students could be in contact with more musical diversity and, then, also expand their artistic experiences. / Mestre

Os recifes de coral estão entre os ambientes marinhos mais produtivos e ricos em biodiversidade. Esta biodiversidade está em parte associada a complexas estruturas formadas por corais escleractíneos. Apesar da importância ecológica, social e econômica dos recifes de corais, eles são expostos a várias ameaças relacionadas às atividades humanas. Dentre os impactos antrópicos em recifes, o branqueamento, ou perda de zooxantelas, é o mais notável e é diretamente relacionado à mortalidade dos corais. Por possuírem uma associação simbiótica com essas zooxantelas, alguns corais escleractíneos são considerados mixotróficos, caracterizados por modos de alimentação autotrófico (através de simbiose com o dinoflagelado Symbiodinium) e heterotrófico (predação sobre zooplâncton). Alguns estudos comprovam que corais com maior capacidade de alimentação heterotrófica são mais resistentes ao branqueamento e, consequentemente, às alterações climáticas. A fim de analisar se o coral escleractíneo Mussismilia hispida, é capaz de alternar seu modo nutricional entre predominante autotrófico e predominante heterotróficos, dezoito colônias foram amostradas ao longo de um ano. Marcadores Tróficos de Ácidos Graxos (FATM, na sigla em inglês) foram utilizados para determinar a fonte nutricional de carbono em tecido de corais. A concentração de células de Symbiodinium e a temperatura local também foram avaliadas. Branqueamento foi observado nos meses mais quentes do ano, quando a concentração de Symbiodinium diminuiu, voltando a aumentar nos meses mais frios. O marcador para dieta heterotrófica CGA (C20: 1&#969;9) foi encontrado em amostras de zooplâncton de toda a área de estudo. Em laboratório, colônias sem acesso a zooplâncton apresentaram perda significativa deste marcador após 10 dias. Amostras de colônias naturalmente branqueadas não apresentaram nenhum vestígio dos marcadores de autotrofia SDA (18: 4&#969;3) e DPA (22: 5&#969;3), mas continham tanto CGA e DHA (22: 6&#969;3). Isso confirmou que SDA e DPA são marcadores autotróficos viáveis e CGA é um marcador de heterotrofia. FATM relacionados com autotrofia apresentaram padrão semelhante ao observado para as concentrações de Symbiodinium e foram positivamente correlacionados com a densidade numérica de simbiontes e negativamente com a temperatura. Para explorar os dados de concentração dos FATM, o Índice Trófico de Corais foi desenvolvido para exibir as alternâncias entre modos nutricionais. Mussismilia hispida de fato alterna entre predominância de modo nutritivo ao longo do ano, sendo mais heterotrófica em períodos mais quentes e em condições climáticas adversas, porem na maior parte do ano é predominantemente autotrófica. A validação dos ácidos graxos marcadores tróficos específicos como referência para autotrofia e heterotrofia em corais abre perspectivas para novos estudos em ecologia trófica bêntica em recifes de coral. Este trabalho também inclui o primeiro monitoramento de um ano do comportamento alimentar em um coral hermatípico no Atlântico Sul e o acompanhamento de um evento de branqueamento. / Coral reefs are among the most productive and biodiverse marine environments. This remarkable biodiversity is partly associated to the complex structures formed by scleractinian corals. Despite the ecological, social and economic importance of coral reefs, they are constantly exposed to several threats mainly related to human activities. Climate changes are one of the most notable impacts of human activity related to coral mortality, mainly due to coral bleaching. Some scleractinian corals are proved to be mixotrophs, displaying both autotrophic (through Symbiodinium) and heterotrophic (predation on zooplankton) nutrition modes. Many studies emphasize that corals with greater capability of heterotrophic feeding are more resilient to bleaching and consequently to climate change. In order to analyze whether the endemic scleractinian coral Mussismilia hispida is capable of shifting from predominant autotrophic and predominant heterotrophic in Ubatuba-SP, 18 colonies were sampled monthly for 12 months. The Fatty Acid Trophic Markers (FATM) approach was used to determine the source of carbon on coral tissues. Symbiodinium cell density and local seawater temperature were also assessed. A mild bleaching was observed showing a decrease in Symbiodinium numerical density during warmer months, but increasing in colder months. Reference samples validated the relation between all selected FATM and its corresponding nutritional mode. The heterotrophic feeding marker CGA (C20:1&#969;9) was found in zooplankton samples collected throughout the study area. Laboratory starved colonies (no access to zooplankton) lost any trace of this marker after 10. Samples from naturally bleached colonies presented no traces of the autotrophic feeding markers SDA (18:4&#969;3) and DPA (22:5&#969;3), but contained both CGA (C20:1&#969;9) and DHA (22:6&#969;3). These results confirmed that the FATM analyzed where reliable trophic markers. Autotrophic FATM presented a pattern similar to that observed for Symbiodinium concentration in M. hispida tissues and were positively correlated with the symbiont and negatively with temperature. The Coral Trophic Index showed that M. hispida undergoes shifts in nutritional modes along the year, being more heterotrophic in adverse conditions. The validation of specific FATM as proxies for autotrophic and heterotrophic feeding in corals opens new perspectives for further studies in benthic trophic ecology in coral reefs. This work also presents the first yearlong monitoring of the feeding behavior in a hermatypic coral in the South Atlantic and the monitoring of a mild bleaching event.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os hábitats bênticos do Banco de Abrolhos e comparar dois tipos de recife no local: rasos e mesofóticos. Foram feitas filmagens com um ROV em 20 estações ao redor do Banco para um estudo em mesoescala. Para a comparação dos recifes, foram feitas filmagens nos recifes rasos de Sebastião Gomes e Parcel dos Abrolhos e na área mesofótica de Itacolomis. As imagens foram analisadas através do programa CPCe®. Foram calculadas a abundância total das espécies por área e por estação e os índices de diversidade e equitabilidade. As estações foram comparadas através do cálculo da similaridade de Bray Curtis e de uma análise fatorial de correspondência (AFC). Nas estações ao redor do Banco foi constatado uma extensa área de rodolitos na parte externa e áreas de fundo inconsolidado na região mais interna. Os bancos de rodolito ocorreram sempre em profundidades maiores que 30 metros. Nos recifes rasos houve uma dominância de macroalgas (ca. 23%), octocorais (ca. 16%) e zoantídeos (ca. 14%), sendo sempre mais diversos que os bancos de rodolitos. O recife mesofótico de Itacolomis teve cobertura predominantemente rodolítica (ca. 48%). Dentre os outros organismos encontrados, os mais abundantes foram macroalgas (ca. 17%) e esponjas (ca. 4%). Abrolhos é o ecossistema mais rico do Atlântico Sul e se encontra severamente ameaçado. Pouco se conhece ainda sobre seu funcionamento e sobre suas áreas mais profundas. Estudos como este são necessários para entender e conservar o Banco de Abrolhos. / The benthic habitats of Abrolhos Bank were characterized and two kind of reefs were compared: shallow and mesophotic. Video footage was taken in 20 sites on the Bank using an ROV. Other footages were taken on the shallow reefs Sebastião Gomes and Parcel dos Abrolhos and at the mesophotic Itacolomis to make the comparison. Still images from videos were analyzed using the CPCe® program. We calculated the total abundance, diversity and equitability of epibenthic species. We also compared the sites using the similarity index of Bray Curtis and a correspondence analysis (CFA). Large rhodolith beds were found on the Bank edges, with inner sites composed mainly by soft bottoms. Rhodolith beds were always found at depths greater than 30 meters. At the shallow reefs macroalgae (ca. 23%), octocorals (ca. 16%) and zoanthids (ca. 14%) dominated. These sites presented higher epibenthic diversity than rhodolith beds. Rhodoliths dominated in the mesophotic area of Itacolomis reef with ca. 48% coverage. Other abundant organisms were macroalgae (ca. 17%) and sponges (ca. 4%). Abrolhos is the richest ecosystem in the South Atlantic ocean and it is severely threatened. There is still little information available, specially for the deeper zone. More researches like the one presented herein are very important and necessary to understand and conserve Abrolhos Bank.